Table 1 General characteristics of participants with or without metabolic syndrome ^a

N

96

140

Gender (M/F)

69/27

97/43

Age (yr)

49.4 ± 16.5

53.7 ± 13.3

0.03

BMI (kg/m²)

27.6 ± 6.0

31.3 ± 6.3

< 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

81.5 ± 23.8

106.1 ± 12.5

< 0.001

Hip circumference (cm)

91.5 ± 26.8

112.1 ± 15.7

< 0.001

Sagittal abdominal diameter (cm)

22.3 ± 9.2

26.7 ± 7.1

< 0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

124.3 ± 16.8

130.0 ± 14.3

0.01

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

78.8 ± 10.5

81.0 ± 8.5

0.10

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.6 ± 0.13

1.9 ± 0.11

0.02

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.0 ± 1.1

5.3 ± 1.2

0.12

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.5 ± 1.0

3.7 ± 1.0

0.18

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

0.70 ± 0.29

0.63 ± 0.24

0.07

Glucose (mmol/L)

7.4 ± 1.6

9.0 ± 1.5

0.01

Thiamine (ng/ml)

3.3 ± 0.13

3.2 ± 0.16

0.88

TMP (ng/ml)

2.1 ± 1.4

2.3 ± 1.5

0.19

TDP (ng/ml)

27.4 ± 1.8

22.3 ± 2.0

0.06

Total thiamine (ng/ml)

35.0 ± 1.8

31.3 ± 2.3

0.20

Thiamine (urine) (μg/ml)

938.0 ± 170.8

947.1 ± 207.4

0.94

Albumin (serum) (g/L)

47.8 ± 5.6

46.7 ± 6.4

0.31

Albumin (urine) (mg/L)

23.8 ± 4.1

16.7 ± 3.3

0.03

Serum creatinine (mmol/L)

78.6 ± 1.2

81.7 ± 1.5

0.52

Urinary creatinine (mmol/L)

11,966.8 ± 1,008.7

9,662.9 ± 1,393.6

0.07

Calcium (mmol/L)

2.6 ± 0.51

2.6 ± 0.50

0.78

Phosphorous (mmol/L)

1.3 ± 0.36

1.4 ± 0.43

0.25