Fig. 3

Characteristics of the vaginal virome. A Pie plot shows the proportion of vOTUs of different qualities in the non-redundant virus catalog. B Venn plot shows the overlap of the virus catalog and the other three virus genome databases. C Pie of pie chart shows the family-level taxonomic annotation of the vOTUs. D Bacterial host assignment of the vOTUs. E, F Boxplot shows the Shannon diversity index (f) and the Simpson index (g) of vagina virome among two groups. The significance level was assessed using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. G Rarefaction curve analysis of the number of observed vOTUs on two groups. H PCoA analysis of Bray–Curtis distance based on the composition of vaginal virome. Shows the locations of samples in the first two principal coordinates, the sample points in the same group are linked by lines, and ellipses cover each group of samples near the center of gravity. I Volcano plot shows the fold change (X-axis) and q values (-log10 transformed; Y-axis) for all vOTUs. The vOTUs that enriched in HA and SL subjects (p < 0.05) are shown in blue and yellow dots, respectively. J, K Pie plots show the taxonomic distribution of HA-enriched vOTUs (j) and SL-enriched vOTUs (k)