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Table 2 Comparisons of cephalometric results in PASS group and Damon group pre- and post-treatment

From: A comparative study on anterior teeth retraction-related hard and soft tissue changes with physiologic anchorage control technique

Variable

PASS group (n = 34)

Damon group (n = 34)

P value between two groups

 

Pre-Tx

Post-Tx

change

t value

P value

Pre-Tx

Post-Tx

Change

t value

P value

Pre-Tx

Post-Tx

Skeletal

∠SNA (°)

82.73 ± 2.65

82.07 ± 3.02

− 0.65 ± 0.97

3.951

0.000**

81.71 ± 3.98

81.61 ± 4.00

− 0.10 ± 1.04

0.577

0.568

0.220

0.027*

∠SNB (°)

77.49 ± 3.08

77.57 ± 3.24

0.08 ± 1.08

− 0.429

0.670

76.64 ± 4.12

76.78 ± 4.48

0.14 ± 1.02

− 0.816

0.420

0.338

0.804

∠ANB (°)

5.24 ± 2.00

4.51 ± 1.93

− 0.73 ± 1.05

4.050

0.000**

5.07 ± 1.90

4.82 ± 1.90

− 0.25 ± 0.84

1.7431

0.091

0.729

0.041*

Wits value (mm)

1.41 ± 3.46

− 1.17 ± 2.15

− 2.56 ± 2.29

6.615

0.000**

1.82 ± 2.70

1.34 ± 2.42

− 0.47 ± 2.15

1.286

0.207

0.596

0.000**

MP–SN (°)

37.13 ± 5.06

36.74 ± 5.48

− 0.39 ± 1.49

1.518

0.139

38.24 ± 6.68

37.93 ± 7.23

− 0.31 ± 1.55

1.1586

0.255

0.444

0.833

MP–FH (°)

29.13 ± 5.12

28.85 ± 5.27

− 0.28 ± 1.45

1.109

0.275

29.69 ± 6.17

29.79 ± 6.63

0.10 ± 1.52

-0.395

0.696

0.686

0.297

Dental

∠U1–NA (°)

27.90 ± 9.26

17.92 ± 6.66

− 9.98 ± 8.60

6.768

0.000**

29.09 ± 7.10

20.04 ± 8.70

− 9.05 ± 7.56

6.983

0.000**

0.554

0.637

∠U1–PP (°)

120.10 ± 10.07

109.85 ± 6.14

− 10.25 ± 8.51

7.023

0.000**

120.27 ± 6.55

110.48 ± 8.38

− 9.79 ± 7.89

7.235

0.000**

0.936

0.816

∠U1–SN (°)

110.64 ± 9.77

99.98 ± 6.29

− 10.66 ± 8.47

7.341

0.000**

110.78 ± 6.91

101.41 ± 9.21

− 9.37 ± 7.36

7.420

0.000**

0.944

0.506

U1–NA (mm)

6.11 ± 2.31

1.77 ± 1.79

− 4.34 ± 2.06

12.302

0.000**

6.73 ± 2.24

2.42 ± 2.26

− 4.31 ± 2.19

11.448

0.000**

0.262

0.950

U1–AP (mm)

10.85 ± 2.68

4.98 ± 1.99

− 5.87 ± 2.08

10.254

0.000**

11.38 ± 2.40

6.60 ± 2.27

− 4.79 ± 2.10

8.437

0.000**

0.3934

0.003**

U1–PP (mm)

28.38 ± 3.00

28.98 ± 2.98

0.85 ± 2.15

− 2.039

0.027*

28.74 ± 2.56

28.42 ± 3.69

− 0.32 ± 2.36

0.790

0.435

0.599

0.036*

∠L1–NB (°)

33.07 ± 5.76

26.28 ± 6.89

− 6.79 ± 7.46

5.300

0.000**

33.18 ± 7.26

27.07 ± 5.28

− 6.11 ± 7.72

4.618

0.000**

0.943

0.716

∠L1–MP (°)

98.44 ± 7.68

91.97 ± 9.41

− 6.48 ± 7.20

5.248

0.000**

98.31 ± 8.05

92.36 ± 6.55

− 5.95 ± 7.54

4.605

0.000**

0.944

0.770

L1–NB (mm)

8.75 ± 2.16

5.05 ± 1.85

− 3.70 ± 1.93

11.186

0.000**

8.86 ± 2.61

6.03 ± 1.95

− 2.83 ± 2.26

7.312

0.000**

0.850

0.093

L1–MP (mm)

41.06 ± 3.26

39.82 ± 3.72

− 1.24 ± 2.25

3.220

0.003**

41.79 ± 3.48

41.12 ± 3.56

− 0.67 ± 2.22

1.748

0.000**

0.377

0.293

∠U1–L1 (°)

113.79 ± 11.47

131.31 ± 9.31

17.52 ± 11.24

− 9.091

0.000**

112.67 ± 9.81

126.86 ± 10.25

14.19 ± 12.08

6.847

0.000**

0.669

0.243

∠U6–PP (°)

96.45 ± 8.53

97.02 ± 9.50

0.57 ± 6.51

0.260

0.795

98.99 ± 7.54

95.35 ± 6.40

− 3.65 ± 7.46

2.146

0.036*

2.628

0.010*

∠L6–MP (°)

96.96 ± 5.58

99.74 ± 7.56

2.78 ± 5.30

1.725

0.089

97.93 ± 7.23

101.28 ± 6.24

3.35 ± 7.00

2.045

0.045*

0.403

0.688

U6c–PP (mm)

22.76 ± 2.18

23.69 ± 2.19

0.93 ± 1.41

1.755

0.084

22.54 ± 2.78

23.68 ± 2.56

1.13 ± 1.68

1.759

0.083

5.074

0.568

U6c–PNS (mm)

20.87 ± 3.28

23.23 ± 2.76

2.36 ± 2.14

3.210

0.002**

19.50 ± 3.59

23.39 ± 3.09

3.89 ± 2.57

4.789

0.000**

2.816

0.006*

overjet (mm)

5.01 ± 2.66

3.06 ± 0.81

− 1.95 ± 2.61

4.121

0.000**

5.24 ± 2.16

3.28 ± 0.95

− 1.97 ± 2.39

4.800

0.000**

0.567

0.843

MIA (°)

11.42 ± 4.52

10.98 ± 6.37

− 0.44 ± 6.74

− 0.379

0.707

10.27 ± 3.77

9.29 ± 5.31

− 0.98 ± 5.57

1.028

0.312

0.258

0.718

OP–FH

9.51 ± 4.02

12.46 ± 4.14

2.95 ± 3.15

− 5.465

0.000**

9.12 ± 3.71

10.22 ± 4.82

1.10 ± 2.93

− 2.192

0.036*

2.504

0.015*

OP–SN

18.19 ± 4.22

20.99 ± 4.67

2.80 ± 2.91

− 5.599

0.000**

18.16 ± 3.99

18.60 ± 5.55

0.44 ± 3.25

− 0.784

0.439

3.156

0.002**

∠FOP–PP (°)

20.97 ± 7.37

14.82 ± 5.40

− 6.16 ± 6.13

3.925

0.000**

19.86 ± 6.31

15.60 ± 5.71

− 4.26 ± 5.68

2.919

0.005**

1.399

0.166

∠AOP–PP (°)

9.70 ± 4.80

14.25 ± 4.68

4.55 ± 3.41

3.958

0.000**

10.44 ± 4.62

13.31 ± 5.14

− 2.87 ± 4.28

2.421

0.018**

1.897

0.062

∠POP–PP (°)

23.12 ± 8.99

15.70 ± 5.24

− 7.42 ± 6.98

4.158

0.000**

21.38 ± 7.67

14.91 ± 5.23

− 6.48 ± 6.35

4.064

0.000**

0.614

0.541

∠POP–AOP (°)

13.41 ± 8.76

1.44 ± 4.49

− 11.98 ± 7.23

7.091

0.000**

10.95 ± 7.70

1.60 ± 3.92

− 9.35 ± 7.87

6.310

0.000**

1.516

0.134

Soft tissue

NLA (°)

97.55 ± 11.25

100.75 ± 10.15

3.20 ± 7.06

− 2.647

0.012*

96.40 ± 11.90

100.58 ± 12.66

4.18 ± 6.67

− 3.66

0.001**

0.684

0.558

LLA (°)

140.70 ± 13.96

137.99 ± 11.97

− 2.71 ± 10.52

1.501

0.143*

134.65 ± 16.54

133.64 ± 11.12

− 1.01 ± 11.07

0.535

0.597

0.108

0.520

UL-E (mm)

2.40 ± 1.84

− 0.34 ± 1.56

− 2.75 ± 1.36

11.808

0.000**

2.04 ± 1.68

0.01 ± 1.77

− 2.03 ± 1.30

9.077

0.000**

0.402

0.030*

LL-E (mm)

4.41 ± 2.20

0.64 ± 1.67

− 3.77 ± 1.77

12.436

0.000**

4.74 ± 2.15

1.79 ± 2.22

− 2.95 ± 1.65

10.422

0.000**

0.544

0.053

FCA (°)

166.40 ± 6.23

168.42 ± 5.14

2.03 ± 2.12

− 5.581

0.000**

165.98 ± 5.45

166.95 ± 4.79

0.97 ± 2.12

− 2.674

0.012*

0.768

0.043*

Z angle (°)

60.93 ± 7.74

70.45 ± 6.32

9.52 ± 4.78

− 11.616

0.000**

59.42 ± 6.77

66.38 ± 7.82

6.96 ± 4.43

− 9.151

0.000**

0.397

0.025*

  1. Wits value (mm): the distance between perpendiculars from subspinale and supramental onto occlusion plane; ∠U1–NA: the angle between long axis of upper central incisor and N–A line; ∠U1–PP: the angle between the long axis of upper incisor and the palatal plane; ∠U1–SN: the posterior–inferior angle between the long axis of upper incisors and the SN plane; U1–NA (mm): the perpendicular distance from U1 tip to N–A line; U1–AP (mm): the perpendicular distance from U1 tip to A-Pos line; U1–PP (mm): the perpendicular distance from U1 tip to the palatal plane; ∠L1–NB: the angle between the long axis of lower central incisor and N–B line; ∠L1–MP: the angle between the long axis of lower central incisor and the mandibular plane; L1–NB (mm): the perpendicular distance from L1 tip to the N–B line; L1–MP (mm): the perpendicular distance from L1 tip to mandibular plane; ∠U1–L1: the angel between long axes of the upper and the lower central incisors; ∠U6–PP: the antero-inferior angle between the long axis of upper first molar and PP plane; ∠L6–MP: the anterosuperior angle between the long axis of lower first molar and MP plane; U6c–PP (mm): the distance between PNS point and the perpendicular projection point from U6 mesiobuccal cusp to PP plane; U6c–PNS (mm): the distance between PNS point and the perpendicular projection point from U6 mesiobuccal cusp to PP plane; MIA: the angle between the long axis of lower central incisor and the long axis of the mandibular symphysis; OP–FH: the angle formed by functional occlusion plane and FH plane; OP–SN: the angle between the functional occlusion plane and the SN plane; ∠FOP–PP: the angle between the full occlusal plane and PP plane; ∠AOP–PP: the angle between the anterior occlusal plane and PP plane; ∠POP–PP: the angle between the posterior occlusal plane and PP plane; ∠POP–AOP: the angle between the anterior and the posterior occlusal plane; NLA nasolabial angle, LLA mentolabial angle, UL-E (mm) the distance from the upper lip point to the E line, LL-E (mm) the distance from the lower lip point to the E line, FCA facial contour angle, Z angle the angle between FH plane and the line of pogonion and lip point
  2. *P<0.05; ** P<0.01
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European Journal of Medical Research

ISSN: 2047-783X

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