Table 1 Details of studies included in the MR analyses for the association between COPD and its common comorbidities
Disease | Database | Year | Population | Sample size | Case definition | P-values used to screen IVs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | Controls | ||||||
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 18,266 | 311,286 | ICD-10: J43;J44 | 5 × 10–8 |
Lung adenocarcinoma | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 1,553 | 287,137 | ICD-10: C34 | 5 × 10–6 |
Lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 1,413 | 287,137 | ICD-10: C34 | 5 × 10–6 |
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 676 | 287,137 | ICD-10: C34 | 5 × 10–6 |
Coronary atherosclerosis | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 47,550 | 313,400 | ICD-10: I24; I25;T82.2;Z95.11 | 5 × 10–8 |
Cerebral atherosclerosis | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 322 | 376,955 | ICD-10: I67.2 | 5 × 10–6 |
Atrial fibrillation | ebi-a-GCST006414 | 2018 | European | 60,620 | 970,216 | Doctor diagnosed/Self report | 5 × 10–8 |
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) | FinnGen-7 | 2021 | European | 49,030 | 260,124 | ICD-10: I20-I25 | 5 × 10–8 |
Heart failure (HF) | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 27,304 | 349,973 | ICD-10: I11.0, I13.0, I13.2, I50 | 5 × 10–8 |
Hypertension | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 111,581 | 265,626 | ICD-10: I10-I15, I67.4 | 5 × 10–8 |
Gastroesophageal reflux | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 26,184 | 320,387 | ICD-10: K21 | 5 × 10–7 |
Gastric ulcer | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 5,935 | 320,387 | ICD-10: K25 | 5 × 10–7 |
Duodenal ulcer | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 3,520 | 320,387 | ICD-10: K26 | 5 × 10–8 |
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 19,372 | 357,905 | ICD-10: I26; I80; O87.1; O88.2 | 5 × 10–8 |
Obesity | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 21,375 | 355,786 | ICD-10: E66 | 5 × 10–8 |
Pulmonary embolism (PE) | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 9,243 | 367,108 | ICD-10: I26 | 5 × 10–7 |
Stroke | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 25,398 | 339,920 | ICD-10: I9_SAH; I9_ICH; I9_OTHINTRACRA; I9_STR_EXH; I9_STR_SAH; I9_TIA | 5 × 10–8 |
Osteoporosis | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 7,300 | 358,014 | ICD-10: M80, M81, M82 | 5 × 10–8 |
Chronic periodontitis | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 4,434 | 259,234 | ICD-10: K05.30, K05.31 | 5 × 10–7 |
Anxiety | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 24,662 | 337,577 | ICD-10: F41.2, F41.3, F41.8, F41.9 | 5 × 10–7 |
Depression | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 43,280 | 329,192 | ICD-10: F32, F33 | 5 × 10–8 |
Anemias | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 27,371 | 88,536 | ICD-10: D3 | 5 × 10–8 |
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 9,073 | 363,177 | ICD-10: N18 | 5 × 10–7 |
Sleep apnea syndrome | FinnGen-9 | 2023 | European | 38,998 | 336,659 | ICD-10: G47.3 | 5 × 10–8 |
Type 2 diabetes | ebi-a-GCST006867 | 2018 | European | 61,714 | 1,178 | Doctor diagnosed/Self report | 5 × 10–8 |