Fig. 5

Dynamic changes in the relative abundances of gut bacteria with the dynamic alterations in FBG and serum lipid levels across three trimesters. The different shaped dots represent the median (A–C, E–G) or the average relative abundance (D) of the gut bacteria in those groups with different onset time of high FBG or dyslipidemia in each trimester. A*: WHG > WNG in T1, P = 0.04. B*: LNG > WNG in T1, P = 0.038. C*: WHG > ENG in T2, P = 0.018. D*: ENG > WHG in T2, P = 0.048. E*: DL1 > DL2 and DL3 in T1, P = 0.022 and 0.021, respectively. F*: DL1 > DL2 and DL3 in T1, P = 0.011 and 0.003, respectively. G*: DL1 > DL2 in T1, P = 0.007. T1: the first trimester; T2: the second trimester; T3: the third trimester; WNG: normal FBG during the whole pregnancy, ENG: normal FBG in the early stage (T1) of pregnancy, LNG: normal FBG in the late stage (T3) of pregnancy, WHG: high FBG during the whole pregnancy; DL3: with dyslipidemia only in T3, DL2: with dyslipidemia since T2, DL1: dyslipidemia starting from T1 of pregnancy