Fig. 2

Detection of fibrillary α-Syn in the RT-QuIC product of PD patients. A, B The structural features of α-Syn aggregates extracted from PD-seeded RT-QuIC reactions were analyzed by employing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), which could not be observed in the control samples. C Congo red staining, observed under polarized light, exhibited an apple-green color in PD patients’ samples obtained from the RT-QuIC assay, whereas the control samples without PD showed a negative result. The scale bar represents 200 μm. D Analysis of Dot Blot both T0 and RT-QuIC Reaction in PD and Control Groups: Dot blot analysis was conducted on skin samples from three PD and three controls at both T0 and after RT-QuIC reactions using α-Syn filament conformation-specific antibodies (top panel) and total α-Syn antibodies (bottom panel). Densitometric quantification of α-Syn filament conformation-specific and total α-Syn levels revealed significantly increased levels of α-Syn filaments for the PD group compared to the control group, while total αSyn levels did not differ between groups. Results were analyzed using Student’s two-sample t-test. **p < 0.01 and not significant (ns) when P > 0.05