Table 2 Anti-tumor roles of cytokines during tumorigenesis
Cytokine | Secretory cells | Anticancer effects |
|---|---|---|
CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, DCs, mast cells | ↑ CD4+ T-cell differentiation, ↑ CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity, ↑ T-cell proliferation, ↑ NK-cell proliferation and activation | |
IL-7 [116] | Thymic stromal and mesenchymal cells, lymphatic endothelial cells, intestinal epithelial cells | ↑ T-cell, B-cell, and NK-cell proliferation |
IL-12 [117] | DCs, phagocytes (monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils) | ↑ CTL and NK-cell cytotoxicity; ↑ IFN-γ secretion by T cells, NK cells, ILCs; ↑ antigen presentation |
DCs, monocytes, epithelial cells | ↑ T-cell and NK-cell activation and proliferation | |
CD4+ T cells, NKT cells | ↑ CD8+ T-cell, NK-cell, and NKT-cell cytotoxicity | |
Lymphocytes (NK cells, B cells, and T cells), macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, osteoblasts | ↑ DC maturation and activation; ↑ MHC class I expression on tumor cells; ↑ NK-cell maturation and cytolytic effect | |
IFN-γ [85] | CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, B cells, NKT cells, professional antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) | ↑ Cell surface MHC class I expression; ↑ T-cell, NK-cell, and NKT-cell migration into tumors |