Table 1 Main characteristics and main findings of the included studies
Study | Groups | Population | AF definition | Country | Study design | Sample size | Male% | Mean age | LVEF (%) | TyG index | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wei et al. [34] | AF | Patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy after septal myectomy | POAF: Presence of AF lasting ≥ 5min or requiring cardioversion with antiarrhythmic drugs | China | Prospective cohort | 61 | 52.5 | 56.75 ± 12.35 | 67.07 ± 6.73 | 7.41 ± 0.67 | TyG index was an independent risk factor for POAF in patients undergoing septal myectomy (OR: 4.218, 95% CI 2.381–7.473, P < 0.001) |
Non-AF | 348 | 52.0 | 49.92 ± 10.85 | 67.41 ± 6.34 | 6.9 ± 0.55 | ||||||
Ling et al. [29] | NOAF after PCI | ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients after percutaneous coronary intervention | NOAF: AF lasting ≥ 30 s during post-PCI hospitalization that spontaneously reverted to sinus rhythm or responded to drug cardioversion | China | Retrospective cohort | 42 | 71.4 | 69.5 ± 4.7 | 49.17 ± 8.21 | 9.48 ± 0.75 | The TyG index was an independent predictor of NOAF [OR: 8.884, 95% CI 1.570–50.265, P = 0.014] |
No AF after PCI | 507 | 80.5 | 63 ± 10 | 51.35 ± 6.69 | 8.75 ± 0.64 | ||||||
Tang et al. [33] | Late AF recurrence | Patients with AF who underwent RFCA | Long-standing persistent AF: persistent AF (lasting more than 7 days) episodes lasting > 12 months | China | Prospective cohort | 70 | 75.7 | 64.38 ± 8.04 | 63.66 ± 5.0 | 9.42 ± 0.6 | The pre-ablation TyG index was an independent risk factor for late recurrence of AF after RFCA (HR: 2.015, 95%CI 1.408–4.117; P = 0.009) |
Non-late AF recurrence | 205 | 67.3 | 55.07 ± 8.93 | 64.20 ± 5.2 | 8.68 ± 0.7 | ||||||
Zhang et al. [36] | NAFLD + AF | Patients diagnosed with NAFLD by ultrasound | AF: a ≥ 30-s rhythm of the heart, undiscernible repetitive P-waves, and irregular RR intermittent diagnosis of AF)/self-reporting AF | China | Case control | 204 | 64.7 | 68.78 ± 11.15 | – | 9.12 ± 0.53 | TyG was an independent risk factor for AF (OR: 4.84, 95%CI 2.98–7.88, P < 0.001) |
Only NAFLD | 708 | 60.6 | 56.25 ± 10.31 | – | 8.01 ± 0.44 | ||||||
Chen et al. [28] | AF | Patients from the department of cardiology | AF: ECG findings (absence of consistent P-waves, presence of rapid, irregular f waves with a frequency of 350–600 b.p.m. and an irregular ventricular response) | China | Retrospective observational | 179 | 53.1 | 68 ± 2.22 | – | 8.53 ± 0.17 | TyG index was associated with AF (OR: 3.065, 95% CI 1.819–5.166, P < 0.001) in nondiabetic subjects. However, the TyG index was not associated with AF in the diabetic subjects |
No AF (control) | 179 | 51.4 | 67 ± 2.22 | – | 8.36 ± 0.17 | ||||||
Shi et al. [32] | AF | Diabetic patients | AF: of ≥ 30 s showing heart rhythm with no discernible repeating P-waves and irregular RR intervals was diagnosed of AF/the subject’s self-report of AF history | China | Cross-sectional | 213 | 72.3 | 55.97 ± 13.25 | – | 9.51 ± 0.74 | There was a linear correlation between the TyG index and the prevalent AF in a diabetic population. In the fully adjusted model, each SD elevation of TyG casts a 40.6% additional risk for prevalent AF |
No AF (control) | 3031 | 53.65 | 56.21 ± 10.67 | – | 9.17 ± 0.67 | ||||||
Zhang et al. [35] | Recurrent AF | Patients who underwent valvular surgery with concurrent Cox-maze ablation | Long-standing persistent AF: persistent AF (lasting more than 7 days) episodes lasting > 12 months | China | Case control | 117 | 71.8 | 61.7 ± 12.7 | 50.1 ± 14.8 | 9.21 ± 0.38 | A higher TyG index is associated with an increased risk of AF recurrence after simultaneous radiofrequency ablation maze IV procedures for heart valve surgery (HR: 2.021, 95% CI 1.374–3.245, P < 0.001) |
Non-recurrent AF | 307 | 70.4 | 56.8 ± 13.7 | 53.4 ± 17.6 | 8.34 ± 0.72 | ||||||
Liu et al. [30] | TyG < 8.8 | General population without known cardiovascular disease | AF: Fatal AF, AF event at visit 2, 3, 4, or 5 determined by ECG, AF determined by hospital discharge codes | USA | Prospective cohort | 7605 | 40.3 | 53.61 ± 5.73 | – | 8.30 ± 0.32 | . In multivariable-adjusted analysis, both < 8.80 (aHR:1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.29) and > 9.20 levels (aHR 1.18, 95% CI 1.03–1.37) of the TyG index were associated with an increased risk of AF compared with the middle TyG index category (8.80–9.20) |
8.8 ≤ TyG ≤ 9.2 | 2477 | 49.9 | 54.65 ± 5.75 | – | 8.98 ± 0.12 | ||||||
9.2 < TyG | 1769 | 54.4 | 55.08 ± 5.54 | – | 9.57 ± 0.32 | ||||||
Muhammad et al. [31] | TyG Q1 | General population | – | Sweden | Prospective cohort | 8221 | 50.1 | 46.41 ± 7.73 | – | 3.38 to 4.38 | No significant association was observed between AF and TyG index [aHR 0.99, 95%CI 0.89–1.11, P = 0.142] |
TyG Q2 | 8232 | 65 | 45.69 ± 7.48 | – | 4.38 to 4.55 | ||||||
TyG Q3 | 8232 | 72.7 | 45.24 ± 7.44 | – | 4.55 to 4.74 | ||||||
TyG Q4 | 8214 | 82.1 | 45.26 ± 6.92 | – | 4.74 to 6.70 |