Table 1 Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, symptoms, radiological findings, biochemical features, and treatments of 1145 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection with or without disease progression
Variables | Total cohort (n = 1145) | Non-severe disease (n = 809) | Severe disease (n = 336) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Males, n (%) | 612 (53.5) | 426 (52.7) | 186 (55.4) | 0.404 |
Age, years, median (IQR) | 74 (62–83) | 72 (59–82) | 77.5 (66.5–86.0) |  < 0.001 |
Age groups, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 < 50 years | 134 (11.7) | 118 (14.6) | 16 (4.8) |  < 0.001 |
 50–59 years | 115 (10.0) | 90 (11.1) | 25 (7.4) | 0.058 |
 60–69 years | 209 (18.3) | 147 (18.2) | 62 (18.5) | 0.905 |
 70–79 years | 270 (23.6) | 182 (22.5) | 88 (26.2) | 0.179 |
 ≥ 80 years | 417 (36.4) | 272 (33.6) | 145 (43.2) | 0.002 |
Age ≥ 60 years, n (%) | 896 (78.3) | 601 (74.3) | 295 (87.8) |  < 0.001 |
Patient provenience, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ED | 762 (66.7) | 508 (62.9) | 254 (75.8) |  < 0.001 |
 Ward | 334 (29.2) | 255 (31.6) | 79 (23.6) | 0.007 |
 Domicile | 47 (4.1) | 45 (5.6) | 2 (0.6) | 0.001 |
Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Weight, kg, median (IQR) | 70 (60–80) | 70 (60–80) | 70 (62–80) | 0.111 |
BMI > 30 kg/m2, n (%) | 260 (22.7) | 173 (21.4) | 87 (25.9) | 0.097 |
Chronic renal failure, n (%) | 186 (16.2) | 127 (15.7) | 59 (17.6) | 0.437 |
Dialysis, n (%) | 24 (2.1) | 15 (1.9) | 9 (2.7) | 0.375 |
Immunodeficit, n (%) | 156 (13.6) | 104 (12.9) | 52 (15.5) | 0.239 |
Transplant recipients, n (%) | 17 (1.5) | 10 (1.2) | 7 (2.8) | 0.280 |
Rheumatological disease, n (%) | 62 (5.4) | 42 (5.2) | 20 (6.0) | 0.604 |
Decompensated diabetes, n (%) | 183 (16.0) | 109 (13.5) | 74 (22.0) |  < 0.001 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 252 (22.0) | 172 (21.3) | 80 (23.8) | 0.343 |
Chronic liver disease, n (%) | 66 (5.8) | 42 (5.2) | 24 (7.1) | 0.197 |
COPD, n (%) | 222 (19.4) | 137 (16.9) | 85 (25.3) | 0.001 |
Hemoglobinopathies, n (%) | 5 (0.4) | 4 (0.5) | 1 (0.3) | 0.646 |
Neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative diseases, n (%) | 321 (28.0) | 203 (25.1) | 118 (35.1) | 0.001 |
Dementia, n (%) | 176 (15.4) | 100 (12.4) | 76 (22.6) |  < 0.001 |
Chromosopathies/hypoxia, n (%) | 8 (0.7) | 4 (0.5) | 4 (1.2) | 0.198 |
Neuromuscular disease, n (%) | 33 (2.9) | 25 (3.1) | 8 (2.4) | 0.514 |
Cerebrovascular events, n (%) | 134 (11.7) | 88 (10.9) | 46 (13.7) | 0.178 |
Oncological disease, n (%) | 170 (14.9) | 133 (16.4) | 37 (11.0) | 0.019 |
Metastasis, n (%) | 58 (5.1) | 41 (5.1) | 17 (5.1) | 0.995 |
Terminal cancer, n (%) | 20 (1.8) | 6 (0.7) | 14 (4.2) |  < 0.001 |
Haematological tumours, n (%) | 71 (6.2) | 44 (5.4) | 27 (8.0) | 0.097 |
Solid tumours in chemotherapy, n (%) | 33 (2.9) | 26 (3.2) | 7 (2.1) | 0.298 |
Haematological tumours in chemotherapy, n (%) | 48 (4.2) | 30 (3.7) | 18 (5.4) | 0.205 |
Cardiovascular diseases, n (%) | 417 (36.4) | 276 (34.1) | 141 (42.0) | 0.012 |
Heart failure, n (%) | 370 (32.3) | 241 (29.8) | 129 (38.4) | 0.005 |
Previous acute myocardial infarction, n (%) | 147 (12.8) | 101 (12.5) | 46 (13.7) | 0.579 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 547 (47.8) | 361 (44.6) | 186 (55.4) | 0.001 |
Median (IQR) number of comorbidities | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) |  < 0.001 |
CCI, median (IQR) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (4–7) |  < 0.001 |
Vaccine, n (%) | 937 (81.8) | 721 (89.1) | 216 (64.3) |  < 0.001 |
N. of doses, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 0 | 208 (18.2) | 88 (10.9) | 120 (35.7) |  < 0.001 |
 1 | 26 (2.3) | 16 (2.0) | 10 (3.0) | 0.303 |
 2 | 187 (16.3) | 140 (17.3) | 47 (14.0) | 0.169 |
 3 | 698 (61.0) | 543 (67.1) | 155 (46.1) |  < 0.001 |
 4 | 26 (2.3) | 22 (2.7) | 4 (1.2) | 0.120 |
Time between vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection, median (IQR) | 147 (84–204) | 136 (82–191) | 171.5 (98–227) | 0.001 |
Symptomsa | 954 (83.3) | 639 (79.0) | 315 (93.8) |  < 0.001 |
Fever, n (%) | 538 (47.0) | 335 (41.4) | 203 (60.4) |  < 0.001 |
Cough, n (%) | 410 (35.8) | 257 (31.8) | 153 (45.5) |  < 0.001 |
Tachypnoea, n (%) | 35 (3.1) | 12 (1.5) | 23 (6.9) |  < 0.001 |
Ageusia, n (%) | 17 (1.5) | 13 (1.6) | 4 (1.2) | 0.596 |
Pharyngodynia, n (%) | 162 (14.2) | 132 (16.3) | 30 (8.9) | 0.001 |
Chills, n (%) | 40 (3.5) | 33 (4.1) | 7 (2.1) | 0.094 |
Asthenia, n (%) | 410 (35.8) | 290 (35.9) | 120 (35.7) | 0.996 |
Headache, n (%) | 127 (11.1) | 94 (11.6) | 33 (9.8) | 0.378 |
Myalgias, n (%) | 184 (16.1) | 134 (16.6) | 50 (14.9) | 0.480 |
Gastrointestinal symptoms, n (%) | 171 (14.9) | 120 (14.8) | 51 (15.2) | 0.881 |
Dyspnoea, n (%) | 281 (24.5) | 102 (12.6) | 179 (53.3) |  < 0.001 |
Nasal congestion, n (%) | 53 (4.6) | 49 (6.1) | 4 (1.2) |  < 0.001 |
Anosmia, n (%) | 21 (1.8) | 14 (1.7) | 7 (2.1) | 0.685 |
Radiological findings | Â | Â | Â | Â |
CT pneumonia, n (%) | 449 (39.2) | 193 (23.9) | 256 (79.2) |  < 0.0001 |
GGO, n (%) | 375 (32.8) | 157 (19.4) | 218 (64.9) |  < 0.0001 |
Consolidation, n (%) | 227 (19.8) | 79 (9.8) | 148 (44.1) |  < 0.0001 |
Pulmonary embolism, n (%) | 21 (1.8) | 12 (1.5) | 9 (2.7) | 0.170 |
Biochemical indexes | Â | Â | Â | Â |
WBC (× 103), median (IQR) | 6.9 (5.3–9.3) | 6.7 (5.1–9.0) | 7.6 (5.7–10.4) | 0.001 |
Neutrophils, median (IQR) | 4.9 (3.4–7.1) | 4.8 (3.3–6.6) | 5.7 (3.9–8.3) |  < 0.001 |
Lymphocytes, median (IQR) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.001 |
NLR, median (IQR) | 4.5 (2.6–8.0) | 4 (2.5–7.2) | 5.8 (3.1–10.2) |  < 0.001 |
Ferritin, median (IQR) | 222 (121–454) | 187 (107–349) | 411.5 (199.5–874.0) |  < 0.001 |
Ferritin/10, median (IQR) | 22.2 (12.1–45.4) | 18.7 (10.7–34.9) | 41.2 (20.0–87.4) |  < 0.001 |
Ferritin/50, median (IQR) | 4.4 (2.4–9.1) | 3.7 (2.1–7.0) | 8.2 (4.0–17.5) |  < 0.001 |
PCT, median (IQR) | 0.07 (0.02–0.22) | 0.05 (0.02–0.15) | 0.15 (0.06–0.46) |  < 0.001 |
PCT > 0.5, n (%) | 174 (15.2) | 93 (11.5) | 81 (24.1) |  |
Urea, median (IQR) | 35 (27–55) | 33 (25–50) | 44 (32–65) |  < 0.001 |
Creatinine, median (IQR) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 0.8 (0.7–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.002 |
eGFR, median (IQR) | 67.4 (43.6–90.7) | 71.4 (45.8–92.7) | 57.4 (37.9–82.2) |  < 0.001 |
AST, median (IQR) | 23 (17–33) | 22 (17–30) | 26.5 (19.0–40.5) |  < 0.001 |
ALT, median (IQR) | 19 (13–30) | 18 (13–29) | 20 (13–32) | 0.212 |
De Ritis, median (IQR) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.3 (1.1–1.8) |  < 0.001 |
LDH, median (IQR) | 222 (177–280) | 206 (168–250) | 262 (212.5–333.5) |  < 0.001 |
LDH/10, median (IQR) | 22.2 (17.7–28.0) | 20.6 (16.8–25.0) | 26.2 (21.3–33.4) |  < 0.001 |
LDH/50, median (IQR) | 4.4 (3.5–5.6) | 4.2 (3.4–5.0) | 5.2 (4.3–6.7) |  < 0.001 |
CRP, median (IQR) | 2.6 (1.1–6.6) | 2.0 (1.0–5.2) | 5.6 (2.3–11.1) |  < 0.001 |
D-Dimer, median (IQR) | 1 (0.5–2.1) | 0.8 (0.4–1.8) | 1.5 (0.8–3.3) |  < 0.001 |
Therapy | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Days between symptoms onset and start of treatment, median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–4) | 0.154 |
Early treatment, n (%) | 214 (65.6) | 190 (66.7) | 24 (58.5) | 0.305 |
Antiviral, n (%) | 389 (34.0) | 352 (43.5) | 37 (11.0) |  < 0.001 |
Monlupiravir, n (%) | 242 (21.1) | 224 (27.7) | 18 (5.4) |  < 0.001 |
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, n (%) | 39 (3.4) | 36 (4.5) | 3 (0.9) | 0.002 |
Remdesivir, n (%) | 108 (9.4) | 92 (11.4) | 16 (4.8) |  < 0.001 |
Monoclonal antibodies, n (%) | 237 (20.7) | 207 (25.6) | 30 (8.9) |  < 0.001 |
Casirivimab/Imdevimab, n (%) | 110 (9.6) | 91(11.3) | 19 (5.7) | 0.003 |
Sotrovimab, n (%) | 130 (11.4) | 118 (14.6) | 12 (3.6) |  < 0.001 |
Hospital-acquired infection, n (%) | 304 (26.6) | 233 (28.8) | 71 (21.1) | 0.007 |
Bacterial co-infection, n (%) | 129 (11.3) | 71 (8.8) | 58 (17.3) |  < 0.001 |