Table 1 Baseline characteristics before and after propensity score matching of cohort 1
| Â | Before matching | After matching | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | Overall (N = 1029) | Optimal TWA-BG (N = 893) | Low TWA-BG (N = 136) | SMD | Overall (N = 264) | Optimal TWA-BG (N = 132) | Low TWA-BG (N = 132) | SMD |
Age | 66.95 (15.54) | 67.33 (15.16) | 64.51 (17.69) | 0.171 | 63.81 (16.72) | 62.67 (15.71) | 64.95 (17.65) | 0.137 |
Gender (female) | 372 (36.15%) | 316 (35.39%) | 56 (41.18%) | 0.119 | 108 (40.91%) | 54 (40.91%) | 54 (40.91%) |  < 0.001 |
Weight | 81.94 (22.52) | 82.07 (22.02) | 81.09 (25.65) | 0.041 | 82.61 (25.70) | 83.45 (25.83) | 81.77 (25.64) | 0.065 |
SAPS II | 43.19 (14.46) | 43.26 (14.06) | 42.71 (16.92) | 0.035 | 42.79 (15.82) | 42.67 (14.51) | 42.90 (17.09) | 0.014 |
SOFA score | 7.60 (3.83) | 7.63 (3.76) | 7.40 (4.30) | 0.058 | 7.46 (3.98) | 7.53 (3.60) | 7.39 (4.33) | 0.036 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 5.67 (2.59) | 5.64 (2.51) | 5.93 (3.08) | 0.104 | 6.00 (3.02) | 6.06 (2.93) | 5.94 (3.11) | 0.04 |
Interventions (Boolean for 1st 24 h) | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
CABG (YES) | 78 (7.58%) | 74 (8.29%) | 4 (2.94%) | 0.234 | 8 (3.03%) | 4 (3.03%) | 4 (3.03%) |  < 0.001 |
PCI (YES) | 40 (3.89%) | 34 (3.81%) | 6 (4.41%) | 0.03 | 11 (4.17%) | 5 (3.79%) | 6 (4.55%) | 0.038 |
IABP (YES) | 164 (15.94%) | 151 (16.91%) | 13 (9.56%) | 0.218 | 23 (8.71%) | 10 (7.58%) | 13 (9.85%) | 0.081 |
PiCCO (YES) | 3 (0.29%) | 2 (0.22%) | 1 (0.74%) | 0.074 | 2 (0.76%) | 1 (0.76%) | 1 (0.76%) |  < 0.001 |
NICOM (YES) | 21 (2.04%) | 16 (1.79%) | 5 (3.68%) | 0.116 | 5 (1.89%) | 2 (1.52%) | 3 (2.27%) | 0.056 |
Mechanical ventilation (YES) | 602 (58.50%) | 545 (61.03%) | 57 (41.91%) | 0.39 | 118 (44.70%) | 62 (46.97%) | 56 (42.42%) | 0.092 |
Sedative therapy (YES) | 625 (60.74%) | 566 (63.38%) | 59 (43.38%) | 0.409 | 123 (46.59%) | 65 (49.24%) | 58 (43.94%) | 0.106 |
Comorbidities (Boolean) | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
HF (YES) | 795 (77.26%) | 686 (76.82%) | 109 (80.15%) | 0.081 | 220 (83.33%) | 114 (86.36%) | 106 (80.30%) | 0.163 |
Hypertension (YES) | 702 (68.22%) | 618 (69.20%) | 84 (61.76%) | 0.157 | 163 (61.74%) | 82 (62.12%) | 81 (61.36%) | 0.016 |
AFIB (YES) | 247 (24.00%) | 216 (24.19%) | 31 (22.79%) | 0.033 | 63 (23.86%) | 33 (25.00%) | 30 (22.73%) | 0.053 |
T2DM (YES) | 176 (17.10%) | 157 (17.58%) | 19 (13.97%) | 0.099 | 47 (17.80%) | 28 (21.21%) | 19 (14.39%) | 0.179 |
Renal (YES) | 335 (32.56%) | 286 (32.03%) | 49 (36.03%) | 0.085 | 105 (39.77%) | 57 (43.18%) | 48 (36.36%) | 0.14 |
Liver (YES) | 49 (4.76%) | 39 (4.37%) | 10 (7.35%) | 0.127 | 21 (7.95%) | 11 (8.33%) | 10 (7.58%) | 0.028 |
COPD (YES) | 174 (16.91%) | 148 (16.57%) | 26 (19.12%) | 0.066 | 47 (17.80%) | 22 (16.67%) | 25 (18.94%) | 0.059 |
CAD (YES) | 581 (56.46%) | 519 (58.12%) | 62 (45.59%) | 0.253 | 126 (47.73%) | 65 (49.24%) | 61 (46.21%) | 0.061 |
Stroke (YES) | 106 (10.30%) | 89 (9.97%) | 17 (12.50%) | 0.08 | 29 (10.98%) | 15 (11.36%) | 14 (10.61%) | 0.024 |
Malignancy (YES) | 110 (10.69%) | 87 (9.74%) | 23 (16.91%) | 0.212 | 48 (18.18%) | 26 (19.70%) | 22 (16.67%) | 0.079 |
Cardiomyopathy (YES) | 337 (32.75%) | 286 (32.03%) | 51 (37.50%) | 0.115 | 100 (37.88%) | 50 (37.88%) | 50 (37.88%) |  < 0.001 |
HVD (YES) | 483 (46.94%) | 430 (48.15%) | 53 (38.97%) | 0.186 | 99 (37.50%) | 48 (36.36%) | 51 (38.64%) | 0.047 |
Vital signs (1st 24 h) | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
MAP | 78.89 (17.85) | 79.14 (17.98) | 77.27 (16.98) | 0.107 | 77.05 (17.31) | 76.62 (17.58) | 77.48 (17.09) | 0.05 |
Temperature | 36.43 (0.87) | 36.43 (0.87) | 36.44 (0.92) | 0.01 | 36.42 (0.90) | 36.40 (0.90) | 36.44 (0.90) | 0.048 |
Heart rate | 90.20 (20.36) | 90.66 (20.13) | 87.17 (21.66) | 0.167 | 86.83 (20.38) | 86.45 (18.73) | 87.22 (21.97) | 0.038 |
CVP | 15.27 (21.57) | 15.30 (22.51) | 14.95 (8.96) | 0.021 | 15.12 (7.83) | 15.10 (6.82) | 15.14 (9.05) | 0.006 |
CO | 4.39 (1.59) | 4.39 (1.59) | 4.47 (1.62) | 0.054 | 4.56 (1.48) | 4.67 (1.36) | 4.43 (1.66) | 0.163 |
Laboratory tests (1st 24 h) | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
WBC count | 13.60 (7.32) | 13.75 (7.07) | 12.56 (8.74) | 0.15 | 12.40 (7.83) | 12.12 (6.72) | 12.67 (8.82) | 0.07 |
Hemoglobin | 10.61 (2.52) | 10.64 (2.54) | 10.44 (2.45) | 0.081 | 10.37 (2.37) | 10.27 (2.28) | 10.47 (2.47) | 0.083 |
Platelet | 196.86 (103.14) | 194.65 (101.79) | 211.40 (110.94) | 0.158 | 207.97 (109.91) | 205.14 (109.60) | 210.80 (110.57) | 0.052 |
pH | 7.35 (0.10) | 7.35 (0.10) | 7.35 (0.10) | 0.031 | 7.36 (0.10) | 7.36 (0.11) | 7.35 (0.10) | 0.066 |
PO2 | 185.52 (127.29) | 189.81 (128.89) | 157.36 (112.66) | 0.269 | 163.19 (116.30) | 168.22 (119.86) | 158.15 (112.85) | 0.087 |
PCO2 | 40.61 (11.82) | 40.49 (11.67) | 41.39 (12.83) | 0.074 | 40.89 (12.35) | 40.71 (12.23) | 41.06 (12.51) | 0.028 |
Lactate | 2.98 (2.42) | 3.03 (2.42) | 2.67 (2.41) | 0.149 | 2.83 (2.51) | 2.98 (2.57) | 2.67 (2.44) | 0.126 |
Creatinine | 1.86 (1.65) | 1.83 (1.69) | 2.04 (1.38) | 0.137 | 2.21 (1.85) | 2.38 (2.20) | 2.03 (1.39) | 0.192 |
Outcomes (Boolean) | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
28-day mortality (Death) | 251 (24.39%) | 204 (22.84%) | 47 (34.56%) | 0.261 | 87 (32.95%) | 42 (31.82%) | 45 (34.09%) | 0.048 |
ICU mortality (Death) | 156 (15.16%) | 129 (14.45%) | 27 (19.85%) | 0.144 | 48 (18.18%) | 22 (16.67%) | 26 (19.70%) | 0.079 |
In-hospital mortality (Death) | 226 (21.96%) | 186 (20.83%) | 40 (29.41%) | 0.199 | 75 (28.41%) | 38 (28.79%) | 37 (28.03%) | 0.017 |
Length of stay (days) | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
ICU LOS | 7.45 (7.89) | 7.88 (8.25) | 4.60 (3.86) | 0.51 | 5.73 (4.87) | 6.95 (5.46) | 4.51 (3.83) | 0.519 |
In-hospital LOS | 14.83 (16.99) | 15.31 (17.46) | 11.66 (13.13) | 0.237 | 13.34 (15.74) | 15.35 (17.82) | 11.34 (13.09) | 0.257 |