Table 3 Comparison between survival and mortality groups
Survival group (n = 192) | Mortality group (n = 32) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age at surgery, days | 12 (6–19) | 13 (7–20) | 0.187 |
Weight, kg | 3.4 (3.0–3.8) | 3.3 (3.0–3.6) | 0.546 |
Male, n (%) | 129 (67.2) | 22 (68.8) | 0.861 |
Gestational age at birth, weeks | 38 (38–39) | 38 (37–38) | 0.006 |
< 37 wk n (%) | 12 (6.3) | 2 (6.3) | 1.000 |
Prenatal diagnosis of CHD, n (%) | 114 (59.4) | 13 (40.6) | 0.006 |
Preoperative location, n (%) | 0.019 | ||
Pediatric ward | 68 (35.4) | 17 (53.1) | |
NICU | 12 (6.3) | 8 (25.0) | |
CICU | 112 (58.3) | 7 (21.9) | |
Preoperative emergent resuscitation, n (%) | 26 (13.5) | 6 (18.8) | 0.436 |
Emergent procedure, n (%) | 19 (9.9) | 11 (34.3) | 0.000 |
Preoperative vasoactive support, n (%) | 36 (18.8) | 8 (25.0) | 0.410 |
Preoperative respiratory support, n (%) | 0.074 | ||
Room air | 134 (69.8) | 21 (65.6) | |
Noninvasive ventilation | 25 (13.0) | 1 (3.1) | |
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 33 (17.2) | 10 (31.3) | |
STAT, n (%) | 0.460 | ||
1 | 16 (83.3) | 0 (0) | |
2 | 87 (45.3) | 17 (53) | |
3 | 18 (9) | 2 (6) | |
4 | 70 (36) | 13 (41) | |
5 | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | |
Preoperative lac, mmol/L | 1.7 (1.0–2.9) | 2.1 (1.4–5.2) | 0.016 |
Lactate on ICU arrival, mmol/L | 2.8 (1.8–4.5) | 7.8 (4.4–14.5) | 0.000 |
Lac on 24 h after operation, mmol/L | 2.2 (1.5–3.3) | 5.5 (3.5–15.0) | 0.000 |
Bypass, n (%) | 180 (94) | 30 (94) | 1.000 |
Bypass time, minutes | 150 (102–193) | 196 (90–252) | 0.027 |
Aortic cross‑clamp time, minutes | 78 (54–110) | 89 (44–123) | 0.887 |
Circulatory arrest | 28 (15) | 4 (13) | 0.873 |
Postoperative mechanical ventilation, hours | 90 (48–140) | 107 (69–219) | 0.049 |
Postoperative ICU LOS, days | 10 (7–15) | 8 (4–12) | 0.028 |
Postoperative hospital LOS, days | 15 (11–20) | 11 (4–16) | 0.001 |
VIS | 10 (8–17.5) | 23 (15–30) | 0.000 |
ECMO use | 2 (1.0) | 7 (21.9) | 0.000 |
Delayed sternal closure | 46 (24.0) | 21 (65.6) | 0.000 |
Peritoneal dialysis | 23 (12.0) | 22 (68.8) | 0.000 |
Residual lesion, n (%) | 12 (6.3) | 9 (28.1) | 0.000 |
Extubation failure, n (%) | 15 (7.8) | 8 (25.0) | 0.000 |
Major postoperative complications | |||
Unplanned reoperation, n (%) | 18 (9.4) | 6 (18.8) | 0.112 |
Arrhythmia requiring therapy | 18 (9.4) | 9 (28.1) | 0.003 |
Complete heart block required PPM | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 0.562 |
Chylothorax | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 0.562 |
Paralyzed diaphragm | 1 (0.5) | 1 (3.1) | 0.147 |
Acute kidney injury (AKI) | 23 (12.0) | 3 (9.4) | 0.670 |
Hepatic injury | 17 (8.9) | 13 (40.6) | 0.000 |
Wound infection | 8 (4.2) | 2 (6.3) | 0.597 |
Stroke | 0 (0) | 3 (9.4) | 0.000 |
Pleural effusion requiring drainage | 4 (2.1) | 5 (15.6) | 0.000 |
Atelectasis | 42 (21.9) | 7 (21.9) | 1.000 |
Bloodstream infection (sepsis) | 25 (13.0) | 9 (28.1) | 0.027 |
NEC | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0.682 |