Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients
| Â | Survivors | Non-survivors | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
|  | N = 2980 | N = 555 |  |
Age, years | 65.(0 55.0–76.0) | 72.0 (62.1–80.0) | < 0.001 |
Gender | Â | Â | 0.260 |
 F | 1326 (44.5%) | 232 (41.8%) |  |
 M | 1654 (55.5%) | 323 (58.2%) |  |
White blood cells, × 103/µL | 13.6 (10.1–18.4) | 14.7 (10.6–20.0) | 0.001 |
Lymphocytes | 1.45 (0.90–2.31) | 1.26 (0.79–2.12) | 0.001 |
Neutrophils | 10.9 (7.44–15.2) | 11.9 (7.85–16.9) | 0.002 |
Monocytes | 0.93 (0.59–1.42) | 0.94 (0.55–1.42) | 0.588 |
Platelet | 225 (169–296) | 214 (154–282) | 0.004 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL | 106 (74.0–157) | 104 (77.0–147) | 0.757 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 128 (99.0–164) | 114 (88.9–150) | < 0.001 |
High-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 35.0 (25.0–47.0) | 32.0 (21.5–44.0) | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.6 (10.9–14.3) | 12.4 (10.3–14.0) | 0.011 |
Albumin, g/dL | 3.20 (2.70–3.70) | 3.00 (2.40–3.50) | < 0.001 |
Bun, mg/dL | 25.0 (16.2–40.0) | 34.0 (20.9–51.0) | < 0.001 |
Calcium, mg/dL | 8.70 (8.20–9.20) | 8.70 (8.10–9.20) | 0.025 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.25 (0.90–2.00) | 1.70 (1.10–2.60) | < 0.001 |
Glucose, mg/dL | 171 (133–229) | 187 (143–247) | < 0.001 |
Sodium, mmol/L | 140 (138–143) | 141 (138–146) | < 0.001 |
Potassium, mmol/L | 4.40 (4.10–4.90) | 4.60 (4.20–5.20) | < 0.001 |
ALT, IU/L | 30.0 (19.0–55.2) | 38.0 (21.0–97.0) | < 0.001 |
AST, IU/L | 36.0 (23.0–76.0) | 60.0 (32.0–200) | < 0.001 |
PH | 7.41 (7.36–7.46) | 7.40 (7.35–7.46) | 0.091 |
Heart rate | 106 (92.0–122) | 113 (96.0–129) | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure | 155 (136–176) | 155 (134–178) | 0.898 |
Diastolic blood pressure | 90.0 (77.0–105) | 91.0 (76.0–105) | 0.631 |
Mean blood pressure | 162 (137–187) | 160 (134–186) | 0.306 |
Respiratory rate | 28.0 (24.0–35.0) | 30.0 (25.0–37.0) | 0.001 |
Temperature | 37.4 (37.0–38.0) | 37.3 (36.9–37.9) | 0.072 |
First day sofa score | 6.00 (4.00–9.00) | 9.00 (7.00–12.0) | < 0.001 |
Length of hospital stays | 38.0 (14.0–86.0) | 36.0 (8.00–118) | 0.605 |
Renal replacement therapy |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 2732 (91.7%) | 448 (80.7%) |  |
 Yes | 248 (8.32%) | 107 (19.3%) |  |
Invasive ventilation |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 1197 (40.2%) | 116 (20.9%) |  |
 Yes | 1783 (59.8%) | 439 (79.1%) |  |
Myocardial infarct | Â | Â | 0.293 |
 No | 2648 (88.9%) | 484 (87.2%) |  |
 Yes | 332 (11.1%) | 71 (12.8%) |  |
Congestive heart failure | Â | Â | 0.838 |
 No | 2409 (80.8%) | 446 (80.4%) |  |
 Yes | 571 (19.2%) | 109 (19.6%) |  |
Peripheral vascular disease | Â | Â | 0.566 |
 No | 2834 (95.1%) | 524 (94.4%) |  |
 Yes | 146 (4.90%) | 31 (5.59%) |  |
Dementia | Â | Â | 0.835 |
 No | 2831 (95.0%) | 529 (95.3%) |  |
 Yes | 149 (5.00%) | 26 (4.68%) |  |
Chronic pulmonary disease | Â | Â | 0.465 |
 No | 2533 (85.0%) | 479 (86.3%) |  |
 Yes | 447 (15.0%) | 76 (13.7%) |  |
Peptic ulcer disease | Â | Â | 0.612 |
 No | 2933 (98.4%) | 544 (98.0%) |  |
 Yes | 47 (1.58%) | 11 (1.98%) |  |
Renal disease: | Â | Â | 0.003 |
 No | 2508 (84.2%) | 438 (78.9%) |  |
 Yes | 472 (15.8%) | 117 (21.1%) |  |
diabetes: | Â | Â | 0.003 |
 No | 2009 (67.4%) | 410 (73.9%) |  |
 Yes | 971 (32.6%) | 145 (26.1%) |  |
Liver disease: | Â | Â | 0.015 |
 No | 2876 (96.5%) | 523 (94.2%) |  |
 Yes | 104 (3.49%) | 32 (5.77%) |  |
Cerebrovascular disease: | Â | Â | 0.010 |
 No | 2509 (84.2%) | 442 (79.6%) |  |
 Yes | 471 (15.8%) | 113 (20.4%) |  |
LMR | 1.63 (1.00–2.56) | 1.42 (0.94–2.48) | 0.018 |
NLR | 7.16 (4.18–12.0) | 8.71 (4.90–14.7) | < 0.001 |
PLR | 152 (94.5–238) | 151 (90.5–269) | 0.436 |
MHR | 0.03 (0.02–0.05) | 0.03 (0.01–0.05) | 0.204 |
NHR | 0.31 (0.19–0.50) | 0.35 (0.21–0.64) | < 0.001 |