Status of expectant mother: | No ART before pregnancy Therapy indication according to German-Austrian guidelines for the therapy of HIV1-infection (30) | ART before pregnancy | Â | ||
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Indication: | CD4 > 350/μl and HIV1-RNA < 10 000 HIVcopies/ml | CD4 > 350/μl and HIV1-RNA > 10,000 HIVcopies/ml | A) Clinical disease ategory B + C or B) CD4 < 350/μl | Women is getting pregnant while receiving an anti-retroviral combination therapy |  |
Maternal treatment indication | NO | NO | YES | YES | Â |
Fetal indication for prophylaxis | YES (prophylaxis with standard risk) | YES (prophylaxis with raised maternal transmission risk) | YES | YES | Â |
Therapy: 1st -13th week of gestation | Resistance testing to exclude primary ZDV resistance | Â | |||
 | Invasive prenatal diagnostics only under anti-retroviral therapy/prophylaxis (perform only if absolutely indicated) |  | |||
 | No ART At least bimonthly monitoring of CD4 + VL Start of ART in case of urgent maternal treatment indication (see above) Invasive prenatal diagnostics (strictly indicated !) only under anti-retroviral therapy/prophylaxis | A) Immediate initiation of ART At least bimonthly monitoring of CD4/VL Switch of ART in case of therapeutic failure or B) Initiation of ART after week 13, depending on the urgency of the maternal treatment indication (see below). At least bimonthly monitoring of CD4 +VL Start of the ART before week 13 in case of urgent maternal treatment indication | A) Interruption of ART if clinical, immunological and virological status of the mother allows (CAVE: Interruption of NNRTI with long half-life !!!) At least bimonthly monitoring of CD4 and VL Immediate restart of ART in case of urgent maternal treatment indication or B) Otherwise continuation of ART, if necessary substitution of efavirenz; substitution of stavudine + didanosine if given in combination At least bimonthly monitoring of CD4 and VL |  | |
Therapy: 14th -30th week of gestation | Â | Â | Beginning/restart of ART e.g. with ZDV + 3TC/ddI + PI/NVP or premedication, if possible without EFV or d4T+ddI, At least bimonthly monitoring of CD4 and VL, Change of ART if therapeutic failure occurs | Â | |
Therapy: (28th)/30th- 37th (+0)/37th (+6) week of gestation | A) ZDV (AI) 2 × 250 mg/d p.o. B) HAART (BI) e.g. with ZDV + 3TC + PI/NVP; if possible without EFV or d4T+ddI | HAART e.g. with ZDV + 3TC + PI/NVP if possible without EFV or d4T+ddI |  |  |  |
37th (+0) - 37th (+6) week of gestation | Primary cesarean section or vaginal delivery, only if viral load < limit of detection shortly before birth and no obstetric risks (for preconditions and special management of vaginal birth see 6.) + 1 mg/kg i.v. ZDV from 3 h before caesarian until separation, during the first hour a doubled loading-dose, i.e. 2 mg/kg no ZDV if d4T is a component of the maternal therapy | Â | |||
Newborn with a complication-free birth process | A: ZDV 4 × 2 mg/kg/d p.o. for 2-4 weeks or B: ZDV 4 × 1,5 mg/kg/d i.v. for 10 days Refraining from breast-feeding |  | |||
3.2 Prevention of vertical HIV1-transmission in case of pregnancy - and birth complications | |||||
Pregnancy complication: | Complication-free (multiple) pregnancy and viral load shortly before birth < 3 000 HIV copies/ml | Viral load shortly before birth 3 000 -10 000 HIV copies/ml | • Premature labor • premature birth in ≥ 33 rd (+0) -36 th (+6) GW | • AIS/amnionitis • premature birth < 33 rd (+ 0) GW | Viral load increase at the end of a pregnancy > 10 000 HIV copies/ml e.g. because of lacking prepartal prophylaxis |
HIV1-transmission risk | Normal | Raised | Very high | ||
Measures in the 24 th (+0)- 37 th (+0-6) week of gestation | Mutliple pregnancy: Prophylaxis onset brought forward with ZDV or ART after GW 29(+0) because of the risk of premature birth | Â | -Tocolysis, -if necessary antibiotics -RDS-prophylaxis -HAART e.g.: ZDV+ 3TC + PI/NVP (if possible no EFV ord4T+ddI) | Â | Â |
Birth: 37 th (+0)-37 th (+6) week of gestation | (Elective) Primary cesarean section/CS or vaginal delivery (the latter only if viral load < limit of detection shortly before birth and no obstetric risks/for management of vaginal birth see 6.) + 1 mg/kg i.v. ZDV starting 3 h before cesarean until birth, during the first hour a doubled loading-dose, i.e. 2 mg/kg | Only (Elective) CS !! + 1 mg/kg i.v. ZDV starting 3 h before cesarean until birth, during the first hour a doubled loading-dose, i.e. 2 mg/kg | If still possible (decision dependent of obstetrical situation) cesarean within 4 h after rupture of membranes | Elective CS | |
 |  |  |  | + 1 mg/kgi.v.ZDV from 3 h before cesarean until birth, during the first hour a doubled loading-dose, i.e. 2 mg/kg Prepartal 1 × 200 mg NVP° in addition to the ongoing ZDV prophylaxis or ART ZDV prophylaxis or ART | |
Postnatal prophylaxis of the newborn (108): | 4 weeks: Dosing with newborns: ZDV 4 × 2 mg/kg/d p.o. Refraining from breast-feeding | 6 weeks: A) Dosing with newborns + premature babies ≥ 36th (+0) GW: ZDV 4 × 2 mg/kg/d p. o. B) Dosing with premature babies < 36th(+0)GW(109): 2 × 2 mg/kg/d p.o. (or 2 × 1.5 mg/kg i.v.) Dosing with premature babies > 30th(+0)GW: from 3rd week of life increase to 3 × 2 mg/kg/d p.o. Dosing with premature babies ≤ 30th (+0) GW: from 4th week of life: increase to 3 × 2 mg/kg/d p.o. Refraining from breast-feeding | 6 weeks: ZDV 4 × 2 mg/kg/d (note premature born dosing) + 3TC 2 × 2 mg/kg/d* A) with successful prenatal NVP application ° a further NVP dose with the newborn (2 mg/kg) at an age of between 48-72 h B) If NVP° is not given prepartally, two NVP doses (each 2 mg/kg) postnatally to the newborn: 1st Dose as soon as possible after birth, 2nd Dose on the 3rd day of life (cave: because of enzyme induction faster elimination of NVP in the newborn, if NVP was a omponent of the maternal therapy during pregnancy) Refraining from breast-feeding | ||
Birth complications: | -Incision injury to the child - Oral intake of bloody amniotic fluid into gastrointestinal or respiratory tract of the newborn | ||||
HIV1-transmission risk | Very high | ||||
Postnatal measures in the newborn: | 6 weeks: ZDV 4 × 2 mg/kg/d (check premature born dosing wherever necessary) + 3TC 2 × 2 mg/kg/d* Two postnatal NVP doses° (each 2 mg/kg) to the newborn: 1st Dose as soon as possible after birth, 2nd Dose on the 3rd day of life (cave: because of enzyme induction faster elimination of NVP in the newborn, if NVP was a component of the maternal therapy during pregnancy) Refraining from breast-feeding |