Table 1 Characteristics of the population.

n

25

113

31

144

Age (years)

43.7 ± 12.5

53.4 ± 13.0§§

52.9 ± 11.6§§

58.5 ± 8.7§

BMI (kg/m²)

22.23 ± 1.58

22.49 ± 1.79

28.39 ± 3.35***

28.60 ± 3.17***

Waist circumference (cm)

78.6 ± 8.0

78.4 ± 7.1

95.3 ± 11.7***

93.5 ± 9.5***

BPsys (mmHg)

113 ± 15

127 ± 19§§§

134 ± 16§§

139 ± 18**§§§

BPdias (mmHg)

72 ± 11

79 ± 10§§

82 ± 8§§

85 ± 9**§§§

Leukocytes (GPt/l)

6.50 ± 1.83***

5.51 ± 1.32

6.21 ± 1.67

6.05 ± 1.47**

CRP# (mg/l)

2.82

2.14

2.83

2.88*

SAA (mg/l)

7.81 ± 1.26*

4.22 ± 1.48

5.35 ± 3.24

6.74 ± 4.04*

TNFα# (ng/ml)

10.54

9.80

8.91

17.81

IL-6# (ng/ml)

2.82

2.60

2.27

2.40

TG (mmol/l)

1.20 ± 0.75

1.14 ± 1.60

1.58 ± 0.74**

1.29 ± 0.64*

TC (mmol/l)

5.40 ± 0.93*

5.78 ± 1.00

5.97 ± 0.64**

5.90 ± 0.89

LDL-C (mmol/l)

3.19 ± 0.75*

3.56 ± 0.94

3.96 ± 0.67***

3.78 ± 0.83§

HDL-C (mmol/l)

2.07 ± 0.46

2.12 ± 0.50

1.71 ± 0.44**§

1.91 ± 0.45§§§

TSH (U/l)

2.14 ± 2.40

1.55 ± 1.00

1.63 ± 0.99

1.68 ± 1.11

HOMA

1.62 ± 0.58

2.17 ± 4.14

3.15 ± 2.18**§§

2.98 ± 2.10**

Adiponectin (μg/ml)

16.88 ± 8.85*

20.76 ± 9.89

14.14 ± 7.68**

16.29 ± 8.01***

Leptin (ng/ml)

8.84 ± 4.92

11.49 ± 6.37

18.62 ± 13.46**§§

22.16 ± 12.16** §§

A/L ratio

2.61 ± 1.83

2.45 ± 1.78

1.20 ± 0.86** §§

1.14 ± 1.42***§§