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Figure 2 | European Journal of Medical Research

Figure 2

From: Idiopathic recurrent calcium urolithiasis (IRCU): pathophysiology evaluated in light of oxidative metabolism, without and with variation of several biomarkers in fasting urine and plasma - a comparison of stone-free and -bearing male patients, emphasizing mineral, acid-base, blood pressure and protein status

Figure 2

Synopsis of variables linking L M /P M (synonymous Ca/Pi in urine divided by Ca/Pi in plasma) to urine U-SS-CaOx, UCa/U-Pi, U-SS-HAP, U-Na, B-HC0 3 ", D-BP in SF (•) and SB (o) patients, respectively, in the same order, except U-Ca/U-Pi, the partial regression coefficients in MRA (beta, followed by p-value) were: SF 0.33, 0.003; 0.21, 0.06; 0.51, < 0.001; 0.11, 0.27; 0.04, 0.71; SB 0.35, 0.009; 0.10, 0.43; 0.22, 0.09; -0.04, 0.75'; 0.24, 0.05 (see Table 4, block "Calcium", for outcome U M /P M and influential variables 1, 3, 4, 5, 6). Stippled vertical lines: span the range of Log (UM/PM)within which the vast majority of patients clusters (see panel 2a, 2b). Dashed horizontal lines: In panel 2a, 2b these indicate that at molarity of urine Ca/Pi ≤ 1.0 the majority of padents is exposed to ab initio present nanosized amorphous and poorly crystallized CaPi [46]; note also that most SF and SB patients exhibit SSCaOx values in the low range of supersaturation, by definition meaning that preformed HAP-containing stone nidus (interstitial plaques) upon their protruding into mbular lumen preferably can be overgrown by amorphous CaPi, then CaOx, and only thereafter by HAP (see panels 2a, 2b vs. la, lb and 3a, 3b) explaining why CaOx dominates as stone mineral [6, 84].

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