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Table 1 Sonographic examination of lung tumours before and after lung flooding

From: Lung flooding enables efficient lung sonography and tumour imaging in human ex vivo and porcine in vivo lung cancer model

Patient gender, age (years)

Tumour location

Size, mm (by CT)

Histology

Detected with atelectasis

Detected after flooding

Sonomorphology

Residual gas after flooding

m (54)

RLL, peripheral

80

Adenocarcinoma

Yes

Yes

Hypoechoic, homogeneous

Small

m (65)

RUL, central

20

LNM thyroid cancer

No

Yes

Hypoechoic, homogeneous

No

m (69)

LLL, central

30

Squamous cell carcinoma

Yes

Yes

Hypoechoic, inhomogeneous

No

m (66)

RUL, central

35

Adenocarcinoma

No

Yes

Hypoechoic, homogeneous

No

f (54)

RLL, central

40

Adenocarcinoma

Yes

Yes

Hypoechoic, inhomogeneous

No

f (85)

ML, peripheral

30

Adenocarcinoma

Yes

Yes

Hypoechoic, homogeneous

Small

f (77)

RLL, central

20

Squamous cell carcinoma

No

Yes

Hypoechoic, inhomogeneous

Small

m (70)

ML, central

25

Chondroma

No

Yes

Complex, coarse-grained

No

m (60)

RLL, central

26

Squamous cell carcinoma

No

Yes

Hypoechoic, inhomogeneous

No

f (68)

RLL, central

16

Bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma

No

Yes

Hyperechoic, homogeneous

No

f (64)

RUL, central

24

LNM renal cell carcinoma

No

Yes

Hypoechoic, homogeneous

No

m (75)

LLL, peripheral

21

Colon metastasis

Yes

Yes

Hypoechoic, homogeneous

No

m (67)

RUL, peripheral

25

Adenocarcinoma

No

Yes

Hypoechoic, homogeneous

No

m (71)

RLL, central

63

Large cell carcinoma

Yes

Yes

Hypoechoic, inhomogeneous

Small

  1. Fourteen resected human lung lobes were assessed for tumour detection rate, sonomorphology, and limitations due to residual gas. CT Computed tomography, LLL Left lower lobe, LNM Lymph node metastasis, ML Middle lobe, RLL Right lower lobe, RUL Right upper lobe.