Stereopsis impairment is associated with decreased color perception and worse motor performance in Parkinson’s disease

Table 4 Comparison of Parkinson’s disease patients regarding normal vs abnormal stereopsis ^a

Data parameters	PD patients (N = 45)
	Normal stereopsis (n = 26) (mean ± SD)	Abnormal stereopsis (n = 19) (mean ± SD)	P-value	AdjustedP-value
Age (yr)	64.58 ± 8.31	66.53 ± 10.79	0.497
H&Y stage	2.04 ± 0.73	2.40 ± 0.59	0.089
UPDRS part III score	20.81 ± 7.48	31.16 ± 16.54	0.018^b	0.112
UPDRS total score	37.15 ± 13.96	49.74 ± 24.14	0.033^b
TAN (PPT scores)	37.41 ± 9.48	30.00 ± 9.61	0.014^b	0.575
MMSE score	28.04 ± 1.74	26.78 ± 4.22	0.187
MoCA score	24.96 ± 3.70	22.67 ± 6.22	0.150
Line connection	0.66 ± 0.48	0.61 ± 0.50	0.692
Copy cube	0.76 ± 0.44	0.55 ± 0.51	0.083
Drawing clock	2.31 ± 0.97	2.06 ± 1.06	0.311
Disease duration (yr)	6.59 ± 5.34	6.61 ± 3.34	0.989
TES	110.85 ± 65.19	170.00 ± 97.63	0.019^b
PES (red)	27.23 ± 23.31	41.32 ± 29.33	0.08
PES (green)	23.96 ± 14.61	40.74 ± 17.17	0.001^c	0.027^b
PES (blue)	39.04 ± 25.08	53.95 ± 36.00	0.108
PES (purple)	20.54 ± 14.78	34.00 ± 27.23	0.039^b	0.409

^aH&Y, Hoehn and Yahr; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PES, Partial error score; PPT, Purdue Pegboard Test; TAN, total average number; TES, Total error score; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. ^bP < 0.05; ^cP < 0.01. For the adjusted P-value, a logistic regression model was used with stereopsis (normal or abnormal) as the dependent variable.

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