Table 1 Characteristics and summary data of the included studies
Studies (first author publication years) | Racial decent (country) | Disease diagnostic standard | Study design | Type of diabetes | Clinical characteristics (control/case) | HWE P value | Sample size (control/case) | Genotype distribution (control/case) | Frequency of allele T (%) (control/case) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | Duration of diabetes (year) | Male (%) | T/T | T/C | C/C | ||||||||
So et al. [12] | Asians (China) | Diabetes: not mentioned; DN: GFR < 60 ml/min/1.72 m2 | Prospective design | Type 2 | -/- | 7.5/8.0 | -/- | >0.05 | 866/208 | 44/13 | 269/76 | 553/119 | 18.6/22.2 |
Wolford et al. [13] | Caucasians (America) | Diabetes: not mentioned; DN: ACR ≥ 300 mg/g | Case-control design | Type 2 | 55.9/58.0 | 20.4/20.7 | 43.9/31.5 | >0.05 | 105/103 | 5/1 | 26/32 | 74/70 | 17.1/16.5 |
Gosek et al. [14] | Caucasians (Poland) | Diabetes: NDDG (1979); DN: ACR ≥ 1.9 mg/mmol (men) or ≥2.8 mg/mmol (women) | Prospective design | Type 2 | -/- | 14.0/- | -/- | >0.05 | 162/282 | 20/40 | 85/145 | 57/97 | 38.6/39.9 |
Sivenius et al. [15] | Caucasians (Finland) | Diabetes: WHO (1980); DN: UAE > 30 mg/24 h | Prospective design | Type 2 | -/- | 10.0/10.0 | -/- | >0.05 | 68/17 | 1/2 | 17/7 | 50/8 | 14.6/32.4 |
Makiishi et al. [16] | Asians (Japan) | Diabetes: WHO (1999); DN: AER ≥ 20 μg/min | Case-control design | Type 2 | 65.0/64.0 | 19.0/17.0 | 46.5/55.6 | >0.05 | 228/230 | 3/13 | 66/63 | 159/144 | 15.8/20.2 |
Wang et al. [17] | Asians (China) | Diabetes: not mentioned; DN: AER ≥ 20 μg/min | Case-control design | Type 2 | 52.3/60.8 | 4.2/8.1 | 38.9/46.1 | >0.05 | 458/280 | 26/15 | 130/96 | 302/169 | 19.9/22.5 |
Fanelli et al. [18] | Caucasians (France) | Diabetes: not mentioned; DN: not mentioned | Prospective design | Type 1 | -/- | 14.6/22.2 | -/- | >0.05 | 157/335 | 33/61 | 69/161 | 55/113 | 44.8/42.2 |
Neamat-Allah et al. [19] | Caucasians (Ireland) | Diabetes: not mentioned DN: UAE > 300 mg/24 h | Case-control design | Type 1 | -/- | -/- | -/- | >0.05 | 102/107 | 7/22 | 31/44 | 64/41 | 22.1/40.0 |
Neamat-Allah et al. [19] | Caucasians (England) | Diabetes: not mentioned DN: UAE > 300 mg/24 h | Case-control design | Type 1 | -/- | 29.0/26.3 | 48.9/61.2 | >0.05 | 85/77 | 12/19 | 30/39 | 43/19 | 31.8/50.0 |
Neamat-Allah et al. [19] | Caucasians (England) | Diabetes: not mentioned DN: UAE > 300 mg/24 h | Case-control design | Type 2 | -/- | 8.9/12.6 | 54.4/65.9 | >0.05 | 146/85 | 33/20 | 48/45 | 65/20 | 39.0/50.0 |
Neamat-Allah et al. [19] | Pima Indians (America) | Diabetes: not mentioned DN: UAE > 300 mg/24 h | Case-control design | Type 2 | -/- | -/- | -/- | >0.05 | 154/181 | 4/7 | 40/61 | 110/113 | 15.6/20.7 |
Moczulski et al. [20] | Caucasians (America) | Diabetes: not mentioned DN: ACR ≥ 17 μg /mg (men) or ≥25 μg /mg (women) | Case-control design | Type 1 | 35.5/36.3 | 23.3/24.9 | -/- | >0.05 | 193/221 | 22/35 | 83/112 | 88/74 | 32.9/41.2 |