Skip to main content

Table 3 Relationship with environmental factors in NAR patients visiting the clinic only during the autumn-winter period

From: Relationship between environment factors and the number of outpatient visits at a clinic for nonallergic rhinitis in Japan, extracted from electronic medical records

Meteorological event

Mean

SD

Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r)

 

p

Number

Exclusiona

Multiple regression analysis Correlation coefficientb

 

SE

Standard regression coefficient (β)

t

p

Coefficient of determinationd (β × r)

 

Mean station pressure (hPa)

995.762

27.124

0.056

 

0.449

184

 

−0.001

 

0.002

−0.032

−0.470

0.638

−0.002

 

Mean sea-level pressure (hPa)

1009.260

27.401

−0.017

 

0.821

184

+

      

<0.0001

 

Minimum sea-level pressure (hPa)

1011.090

2.929

0.044

 

0.555

184

 

0.008

 

0.010

0.058

0.832

0.406

0.003

 

Total precipitation (mm)

2.148

3.265

0.475

**

<0.0001

184

 

0.011

 

0.018

0.063

0.628

0.530

0.030

 

Maximum hourly precipitation (mm)

1.065

1.506

0.485

**

<0.0001

184

+

      

<0.0001

 

Maximum 10-min precipitation (mm)

0.436

0.640

0.513

**

<0.0001

184

 

0.215

*

0.099

0.233

2.168

0.031

0.120

*

Mean temperature (°C)

15.222

9.917

0.375

**

<0.0001

184

 

0.074

**

0.023

1.183

3.164

0.002

0.444

*

Maximum temperature (°C)

20.440

10.094

0.382

**

<0.0001

184

+

      

<0.0001

 

Minimum temperature (°C)

10.973

9.914

0.369

**

<0.0001

184

+

      

<0.0001

 

Temperature difference (°C)c

9.468

0.931

−0.043

 

0.562

184

 

0.176

**

0.043

0.526

4.113

<0.0001

−0.023

*

Mean vapor pressure (hPa)

12.957

8.644

0.382

**

<0.0001

184

 

−0.107

**

0.025

−1.526

−4.369

<0.0001

−0.584

*

Mean humidity (%)

61.053

8.040

0.557

**

<0.0001

184

 

0.008

 

0.014

0.143

0.538

0.591

0.080

 

Minimum humidity (%)

39.784

7.539

0.518

**

<0.0001

184

+

      

<0.0001

 

Mean wind speed (m/s)

2.874

0.455

−0.442

**

<0.0001

184

 

0.184

 

0.143

0.211

1.282

0.201

−0.093

 

Maximum wind speed (m/s)

5.880

0.840

−0.319

**

<0.0001

184

 

−0.118

 

0.074

−0.242

−1.596

0.111

0.077

 

Maximum instantaneous wind speed (m/s)

10.395

1.646

−0.358

**

<0.0001

184

+

      

<0.0001

 

Duration of daylight (h)

6.669

1.554

−0.322

**

<0.0001

184

 

−0.030

 

0.059

−0.110

−0.507

0.612

0.035

 

Total global solar radiation (MJ/mm2)

13.078

4.397

0.268

**

0.000

184

 

−0.036

 

0.033

−0.306

−1.095

0.274

−0.082

 

Total snowfall (cm)

0.000

0.000

-

 

-

184

+

      

<0.0001

 

Maximum snow depth (cm)

0.000

0.000

-

 

-

184

+

      

<0.0001

 

Mean cloud cover (%)

5.593

1.915

0.317

**

<0.0001

184

 

0.086

*

0.044

0.327

1.986

0.048

0.104

*

Sulfur dioxide (ppm)

0.002

0.000

−0.665

**

<0.0001

184

 

11.699

 

97.038

0.008

0.121

0.904

−0.005

 

Nitric oxide (ppm)

0.002

0.001

−0.046

 

0.537

184

 

−119.889

*

48.946

−0.256

−2.449

0.015

0.012

*

Nitrogen dioxide (ppm)

0.009

0.002

−0.409

**

<0.0001

184

 

−49.753

 

34.335

−0.167

−1.449

0.148

0.068

 

Nitrogen oxides (ppm)

0.010

0.003

−0.302

**

<0.0001

184

+

      

<0.0001

 

Carbon monoxide (ppm)

0.231

0.054

−0.418

**

<0.0001

184

 

2.780

*

1.585

0.282

1.754

0.080

−0.118

*

Photochemical oxidant (ppm)

0.028

0.005

0.038

 

0.606

184

 

−18.443

 

14.386

−0.288

−1.282

0.201

−0.011

 

Non-methane hydrocarbons (ppbC)

0.181

0.084

−0.157

**

0.033

184

 

0.095

 

0.814

0.012

0.117

0.907

−0.002

 

Methane (ppbC)

1.956

0.030

−0.035

 

0.634

184

 

0.150

 

0.615

0.014

0.244

0.807

0.000

 

Total hydrocarbon content (ppbC)

2.137

0.101

−0.116

 

0.118

184

+

      

<0.0001

 

Suspended particulate matter (mg/m3)

0.012

0.005

0.224

**

0.002

184

 

−3.327

 

10.619

−0.039

−0.313

0.754

−0.009

 
  1. *<0.05; **<0.01
  2. aFactors with partial correlations of >0.9 were excluded from one side (+)
  3. bForced-entry multiple regression analysis with the 1-week moving average of number of NAR patients visiting the clinic only during the autumn season for aggravation of symptoms as a dependent variable and environmental factors serving as independent variables (F = 28.136, p < 0.001, R 2 = 0.785)
  4. cMaximum temperature – minimum temperature
  5. dCoefficients of determination calculated from significant correlation coefficients and significant regression coefficients are marked with an asterisk
Back to article page

European Journal of Medical Research

ISSN: 2047-783X

Contact us