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Table 4 Relationships with environmental factors in NAR patients visiting the clinic during only the spring-summer period

From: Relationship between environment factors and the number of outpatient visits at a clinic for nonallergic rhinitis in Japan, extracted from electronic medical records

Meteorological event

Mean

SD

Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r)

 

p

Number

Exclusiona

Multiple regression analysis Correlation coefficientb

 

SE

Standard regression coefficient (β)

t

p

Coefficient of determinationd (β × r)

 

Mean station pressure (hPa)

998.764

3.955

0.266

**

0.000

165

 

−0.119

 

0.066

−0.421

−1.812

0.072

−0.112

 

Mean sea-level pressure (hPa)

1012.290

4.285

0.318

**

<0.0001

165

+

        

Minimum sea-level pressure (hPa)

1008.410

4.199

0.098

 

0.189

165

 

0.056

 

0.060

0.214

0.928

0.355

0.021

 

Total precipitation (mm)

2.012

2.852

−0.205

**

0.006

165

 

0.007

 

0.027

0.020

0.263

0.793

−0.004

 

Maximum hourly precipitation (mm)

0.815

1.117

−0.269

**

0.000

165

+

        

Maximum 10-min precipitation (mm)

0.368

0.546

−0.267

**

0.000

165

 

−0.319

 

0.206

−0.172

−1.545

0.125

0.046

 

Mean temperature (°C)

15.421

8.007

−0.596

**

<0.0001

165

 

−0.061

 

0.057

−0.437

−1.074

0.285

0.260

 

Maximum temperature (°C)

21.017

7.952

−0.570

**

<0.0001

165

+

        

Minimum temperature (°C)

10.802

8.354

−0.582

**

<0.0001

165

+

        

Temperature difference (°C)c

10.215

2.066

0.394

**

<0.0001

165

 

0.164

**

0.061

0.338

2.679

0.008

0.133

*

Mean vapor pressure (hPa)

11.741

7.402

−0.548

**

<0.0001

165

 

−0.079

 

0.060

−0.517

−1.318

0.190

0.283

 

Mean humidity (%)

56.868

11.699

−0.538

**

<0.0001

165

 

−0.026

 

0.028

−0.298

−0.936

0.351

0.160

 

Minimum humidity (%)

36.423

11.711

−0.514

**

<0.0001

165

+

        

Mean wind speed (m/s)

3.166

0.755

0.441

**

<0.0001

165

 

−0.521

 

0.281

−0.379

−1.852

0.066

−0.167

 

Maximum wind speed (m/s)

6.442

1.325

0.527

**

<0.0001

165

 

0.001

 

0.120

0.002

0.012

0.990

0.001

 

Maximum instantaneous wind speed (m/s)

11.409

2.720

0.508

**

<0.0001

165

+

        

Duration of daylight (h)

6.662

2.422

0.358

**

<0.0001

165

 

−0.018

 

0.145

−0.044

−0.126

0.900

−0.016

 

Total global solar radiation (MJ/mm2)

17.151

4.079

0.069

 

0.355

165

 

−0.187

*

0.080

−0.739

−2.332

0.021

−0.051

 

Total snowfall (cm)

0.033

0.122

−0.152

**

0.042

165

 

−2.755

**

0.753

−0.315

−3.657

<0.0001

0.048

*

Maximum snow depth (cm)

0.044

0.171

−0.151

**

0.043

165

+

        

Mean cloud cover (%)

6.354

2.201

−0.438

**

<0.0001

165

 

0.036

 

0.082

0.076

0.438

0.662

−0.033

 

Sulfur dioxide (ppm)

0.002

0.001

−0.517

**

<0.0001

165

 

−367.808

 

187.422

−0.145

−1.962

0.052

0.075

 

Nitric oxide (ppm)

0.001

0.001

−0.473

**

<0.0001

165

 

−78.669

 

462.055

−0.024

−0.170

0.865

0.011

 

Nitrogen dioxide (ppm)

0.008

0.002

−0.226

**

0.002

165

 

−89.809

 

80.579

−0.136

−1.115

0.267

0.031

 

Nitrogen oxides (ppm)

0.009

0.002

−0.321

**

<0.0001

165

+

        

Carbon monoxide (ppm)

0.225

0.059

0.372

**

<0.0001

165

 

1.731

 

2.204

0.093

0.785

0.434

0.035

 

Photochemical oxidant (ppm)

0.041

0.006

0.369

**

<0.0001

165

 

40.791

 

28.410

0.239

1.436

0.153

0.088

 

Non - methane hydrocarbons (ppbC)

0.225

0.038

−0.377

**

<0.0001

165

 

5.745

**

1.543

0.209

3.722

<0.0001

−0.079

*

Methane (ppbC)

1.961

0.078

−0.456

**

<0.0001

165

 

−0.684

 

0.807

−0.047

−0.848

0.398

0.021

 

Total hydrocarbon content (ppbC)

2.186

0.096

−0.536

**

<0.0001

165

+

        

Suspended particulate matter (mg/m3)

0.018

0.007

−0.215

**

0.004

165

 

45.817

**

14.548

0.300

3.149

0.002

−0.064

*

  1. *<0.05; **<0.01
  2. aFactors with partial correlations of >0.9 were excluded from one side (+)
  3. bForced-entry multiple regression analysis with the 1-week moving average of the number of NAR patients visiting the clinic only during the spring-summer period for aggravation of symptoms as a dependent variable and environmental factors serving as independent variables (F = 33.053, p < 0.001, R 2 = 0.836)
  4. cMaximum temperature – minimum temperature
  5. dCoefficients of determination calculated from significant correlation coefficients and significant regression coefficients are marked with an asterisk
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European Journal of Medical Research

ISSN: 2047-783X

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