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Fig. 1 | European Journal of Medical Research

Fig. 1

From: Beneficial reward-to-risk action of glucosamine during pathogenesis of osteoarthritis

Fig. 1

Effect of glucosamine in human normal chondrocytes. a Normal chondrocytes were cultured as a pellet and stained with Alcian blue at day 9 and the expression levels of COMP and ACAN were analyzed by qRT-PCR to check chondrogenic characteristics (left panel). Normal human chondrocytes were left untreated or were treated with 10, 50 or 100 mM glucosamine for 24  h. A dose-dependent change in the cell morphology was detected by phase-contrast microscopy (right panel). b RNA levels of MMP-13 and ADAMTS4 were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Cells were analyzed by c Muse™ Annexin V and Dead Cell assay and d Muse™ Mitopotential assay. Bars show the mean ± SD of three individual experiments. *P < 0.05 versus control (untreated)

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