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Table 2 Randomised, controlled trials of vitamin D for prevention of respiratory tract infections

From: Vitamin D and airway infections: a European perspective

Author (ref.)

Publication year

N (total)

Age (years)

25OHD (nmol/l)

25OHD (nmol/l)

Mean vitamin D dose (IU)

Duration

Endpoint

Initial

In-study

Vit D

Placebo

Vit D

Placebo

Aloia [54]

2007

208

60.6

46.9

43

86.9

43

800/2000 daily

3 years

Influenza

Li-Ng [55]

2009

148

58.7

58.7

63

88.5

60.9

2000 daily

3 months

URTI

Laaksi [52]

2010

164

Young men

78.7

74.4

72

51

400 daily

6 months

Acute RTI

Manaseki-Holland [56]

2010

453

1.2

ND

ND

ND

ND

100,000 (single dose)

3 weeks

Pneumonia

Urashima [57]

2010

334

10.2

ND

ND

ND

ND

1200 daily

4 months

Influenza A

Majak [58]

2011

48

11.5

64.3

88

94

80

500 daily

6 months

Acute RTI

Bergman [59]

2012

124

53.1

51.5

46.9

117.4

44

4000 daily

12 months

RTI

Camargo [60]

2012

244

19.9

17.5

17

47.3

18

300 daily

7 weeks

Acute RTI

Jorde [61]

2012

569

63

ND

ND

ND

ND

3344c

12 months

Influenza-like

Manaseki-Holland [62]

2012

3046

0.8

ND

ND

a

b

100,000 quarterly

18 months

Pneumonia

Murdoch [63]

2012

322

47.5

75.5

70

122.5

55

100,000 monthlyd

18 months

URTI

Rees [64]

2013

759

58.1

62

63.1

ND

ND

1000 daily

3–5 years

URTI

Urashima [65]

2014

247

Students

ND

ND

ND

ND

2000 daily

2 months

Influenza A

Goodall [66]

2014

471

19

ND

ND

ND

ND

10,000 weekly

2 months

URTI

Simpson [67]

2015

34

Healthy adults

60.5

76.4

107

46

20,000 weekly

17 weeks

RTI

Martineau [68]

2015

250

47.9

49.8

49.4

69.4

46.5

120,000 bimonthly

1 year

Acute RTI

  1. 25OHD 25-hydroxyvitamin D; IU international units; ND not determined; URTI upper respiratory tract infection; RTI respiratory tract infection
  2. asignificantly higher than placebo
  3. bsignificantly lower than vitamin D group
  4. cseveral studies were included. The vitamin D doses in the individual studies were as follows: 2000, 2800 and 6800 IU/daily, 20,000 and 40,000 IU/weekly and 100,000/monthly, every 2 months or every 3 months
  5. d initial dose: 200,000 IU