Predictive potential of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)

Table 1 Patient characteristics in the high-MIF and the low-MIF group

	Entire cohort, n = 62	MIF ≤ 51.58 ng/ml, n = 31	MIF > 51.58 ng/ml, n = 31	p value
Clinical data
Age, years^a	73.5 (21.0)	71.0 (23.0)	77.0 (22.0)	0.026
Male gender	26 (41.9)	14 (45.2)	12 (38.7)	0.80
BMI (kg/m²)	27.9 (4.6)	28.3 (4.9)	27.5 (4.3)	0.47
SBP (mmHg)^a	132.5 (23.8)	132.0 (24.0)	133.0 (32.0)	0.21
DBP (mmHg)	72.5 (13.5)	73.9 (13.4)	71.0 (13.7)	0.48
Dyspnea NYHA III/IV	36 (58.1)	11 (35.5)	25 (80.6)	< 0.001
Comorbidities
AF	32 (51.6)	13 (41.9)	19 (61.3)	0.13
CHD	34 (54.8)	13 (41.9)	21 (67.7)	0.041
Hypertension	48 (77.4)	23 (74.2)	25 (80.6)	0.54
Diabetes mellitus	16 (25.8)	6 (19.4)	10 (32.3)	0.25
CKD	24 (38.7)	13 (41.9)	11 (35.5)	0.60
COPD	11 (17.7)	3 (9.7)	8 (25.8)	0.10
Medication
Betablocker	51 (82.3	26 (83.9)	25 (80.6)	0.74
MRA	17 (27.4)	10 (32.3)	7 (22.6)	0.39
ACE inhibitor	33 (53.2)	19 (61.3)	14 (45.2)	0.20
Diuretics	45 (72.6)	21 (67.7)	24 (77.4)	0.39
Oral anticoagulants	30 (48.4)	12 (38.7)	18 (58.1)	0.13
Echocardiographic parameters
EF (%)	56.5 (5.5)	56.3 (5.7)	56.7 (5.5)	0.78
LVEDD, cm	4.9 (0.8)	5 (0.6)	4.8 (0.9)	0.27
PASP (mmHg)^a	36.0 (22.8)	31.0 (20.0)	48.0 (20.0)	0.0017
LAA (cm²)	24.4 (7.2)	22.6 (5.2)	26.2 (8.6)	0.06
Laboratory values
WBC (cells/nl)^a	6.7 (2.8)	6.2 (2.4)	7.1 (2.3)	0.11
Hemoglobin (g/dl)	12.3 (1.5)	12.6 (1.3)	12.4 (1.8)	0.59
Creatinine (mg/dl)^a	1.2 (0.5)	1.2 (0.7)	1.2 (0.4)	0.65
Urea (mg/dl)^a	21.0 (11.0)	20.0 (12.0)	22.0 (10.0)	1.00
LDH (U/l)^a	248.0 (88.5)	236.0 (70.0)	261.0 (119.0)	0.038
CRP (mg/dl)^a	0.49 (1.2)	0.49 (0.51)	0.49 (1.2)	0.25
BNP (pg/ml)^a	229.8 (284.0)	134.4 (246.1)	298 (367.8)	0.0014
NT-proBNP (pg/ml)^a	1329.0 (3608.8)	612.0 (1397.0)	2517.0 (3644.0)	0.005

BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, NYHA New York Heart Association, AF atrial fibrillation, CHD coronary heart disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, EF ejection fraction, LVEDD left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, PASP pulmonary artery systolic pressure, LAA left atrial area, WBC white blood cells, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, CRP c-reactive protein, BNP b-type natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP amino-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide
^aValues represent median (interquartile range)

ISSN: 2047-783X