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Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses using Cox multiple regression for overall survival. Variables presented under multivariate analysis represent the final model after stepwise exclusion

From: The ultimate preoperative C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio is a prognostic factor for survival after pancreatic cancer resection

Covariate

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

HR

95% CI

P value

HR

95% CI

P value

Sex

      

 Female

1

  

1

  

 Male

0.632

0.432–0.923

0.018a

1.977

1.191–3.282

0.001

Age (years)

1.034

1.011–1.059

0.004a

1.062

1.030 –1.094

< 0.001

ASA

 I–II

1

     

 III–IV

1.374

0.923–2.044

0.117

   

ECOG grade

 0–1

1

     

 2–4

1.634

0.971–2.748

0.064a

   

Haemoglobin

0.961

0.805–1.148

0.661

   

Bilirubin

1.000

0.999–1.001

0.833b

   

CRP

1.011

1.002–1.020

0.022

   

Albumin

0.952

0.920–0.986

0.006

   

CAR

1.406

1.038–1.905

0.028a

1.745

1.200–2.539

0.004

mGPS

 0

1

     

 1

1.419

0.946–2.128

0.090

   

 2

1.953

0.971–3.929

0.061

   

CEA

1.011

0.999–1.022

0.074

   

CA 19.9

1.215

0.940–1.570

0.138

   

Supplementary nutrition

 No

1

     

 Enteral

1.264

0.838–1.905

0.264

   

 Parenteral

1.612

0.588–3.789

0.272

   

Neoadjuvant therapy

 No

1

     

 Yes

0.541

0.171–1.710

0.296b

   

Approach

 Open or conversion

1

     

 Laparoscopy

0.937

0.380–2.306

0.887

   

Type resection

 Pancreas head

1

     

 Pancreas other

1.187

0.756–1.865

0.456 b

   

Complication

 Clavien–Dindo 0-2

1

     

 Clavien–Dindo 3-5

1.266

0.778–2.059

0.342

   

Tumour size

1.007

0.996–1.018

0.237 b

   

Differentiation grade

Well or moderate

1

  

1

  

Poorly

1.271

0.837–1.931

0.261b

2.812

1.627–4.861

< 0.001

Metastatic lymph node ratio

2.946

1.154–7.521

0.024a

   

Para-aortic lymph node

 No metastasis

   

1

  

 One or more metastases

3.299

1.738–6.262

< 0.001a

4.489

1.883–10.702

< 0.001

Radicality

 R0

1

     

 R1–R2

1.386

0.952–2.018

0.089a

   
  1. ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, ECOG Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scale of performance, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 19-9 carbohydrate antigen 19-9
  2. aIncluded in stepwise Cox regression because p < 0.1; bIncluded in stepwise Cox regression because of prognostic value in the literature