Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Patient characteristics | all (n=78) | HFrEF (n=58) | HFmrEF (n=20) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) Ā± SD | 69.4Ā±13.3 | 68.2Ā±13.5 | 72.9Ā±12.2 | 0.176 |
Body mass index kg/m2 Ā± SD | 28.0Ā±5.6 | 27.9Ā±5.5 | 28.1Ā±6.0 | 0.867 |
Male / female sex (%/%) | 78 / 22 | 79/21 | 75/25 | 0.687 |
Ejection fraction (%) Ā± SD | 31.6Ā±9.6 | 27.3Ā±6.9 | 44.0Ā±3.2 | <0.001 |
Mean heart rate (bpm) Ā± SD | 75Ā±12 | 76Ā±13 | 72Ā±10 | 0.184 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 115.7Ā±18.5 | 111.8Ā±15.7 | 126.9Ā±21.8 | 0.001 |
NYHA functional class | ||||
Ā III/IV (%/%) | 66.7/33.3 | 66/34 | 70/30 | 0.714 |
Heart failure subtype | ||||
Ā ICM/DCM (%/%) | 67.9 / 32.1 | 66/34 | 75/25 | 0.433 |
Devices | ||||
Ā Pacemaker (n/%) | 17/21.8 | 15/26.0 | 2/10.0 | Ā |
Ā ICD (n/%) | 18/23.0 | 16/28.0 | 2/10.0 | Ā |
Ā CRT (n/%) | 2/2.6 | 2/3.4 | 0/0 | Ā |
Comorbidities | ||||
Ā Atrial fibrillation (n/%) | 34/43.6 | 23/39.7 | 11/55.0 | 0.142 |
Ā Diabetes mellitus (n/%) | 33/42.3 | 24/41.4 | 9/45.0 | 0.926 |
Ā Arterial Hypertension (n/%) | 59/75.6 | 43/74.1 | 16/80.0 | 0.598 |
Ā Hyperlipoproteinemia (n/%) | 45/57.7 | 35/60.3 | 10/50 | 0.419 |
Ā Chronic renal failure (GFRā¤ 60 ml/min) (n/%) | 16/20.5 | 14/24.1 | 2/10 | 0.070 |
Ā Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n/%) | 18/23.1 | 12/20.7 | 6/30.0 | 0.394 |
Ā Current smoker (n/%) | 30/38.5 | 23/39.7 | 7/35.0 | 0.904 |
Laboratory values | ||||
Ā Haemoglobin (g/dl) Ā± SD | 13.2Ā±1.9 | 13.3Ā±1.9 | 12.8Ā±2.0 | 0.295 |
Ā Serum sodium (mmol/l) Ā± SD | 138.9Ā±4.1 | 139.0Ā±4.1 | 138.7Ā±4.6 | 0.734 |
Ā Cholesterine (mg/dl) Ā± SD | 162.9Ā±41.7 | 165.2Ā±45.1 | 156.3Ā±40.0 | 0.432 |
Ā Serum creatinine (mg/dl) Ā± SD | 1.45Ā±0.8 | 1.45Ā±0.7 | 1.44Ā±1.2 | 0.948 |
Ā Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl) Ā± SD | 72.7Ā±41.2 | 73.0Ā±41.0 | 71.8Ā±42.7 | 0.909 |
NTpro-BNP (pg/ml) | 6823Ā±9824 | 7285Ā±10024 | 352Ā±0 | 0.516 |
Medication | ||||
Ā ACE inhibitor or ARB (%) | 82.1 | 84.5 | 75 | 0.669 |
Ā Betaāblocker (%) | 91 | 91.4 | 90 | 0.813 |
Ā Aldosterone antagonist (%) | 65.4 | 72.4 | 45 | 0.120 |
Ā Calcium antagonists (%) | 10.3 | 3.4 | 30 | 0.030 |
Ā Diuretics (%) | 91 | 96.6 | 75 | 0.117 |
Ā Digitalis glycosides (%) | 28.2 | 29.3 | 25 | 0.200 |
Ā Amiodarone (%) | 9 | 12.1 | 0 | 0.103 |
Ā Anticoagulant therapy (%) | 33.3 | 31 | 40 | 0.220 |
Ā Antiplatelet therapy (%) | 48.7 | 44.8 | 60 | 0.192 |
Ā Lipid lowering therapy (%) | 50 | 50 | 50 | 0.762 |
Ā Xantine oxidase inihibitors (%) | 21.8 | 24.1 | 15 | 0.520 |