Patient characteristics | All (n=78) | Alive (n=48/62%) | p value | HFrEF (n=58) | Alive (n=34/59%) | p value | HFmrEF (n=20) | Alive (n=14/70%) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dead (n=30/38%) | Dead (n=24/41%) | Dead (n=6/30%) | |||||||
Age (years) Ā± SD | 70.8Ā±13.7 | 68.6Ā±13.1 | 0.472 | 68.7Ā±14.2 | 67.9Ā±13.2 | 0.826 | 79.2Ā±7.1 | 70.2Ā±13.1 | 0.136 |
Body mass index kg/m2 Ā± SD | 26.7Ā±6.6 | 28.7Ā±4.7 | 0.13 | 27.7Ā±6.8 | 28.1Ā±4.4 | 0.809 | 23.1Ā±4.7 | 30.3Ā±5.2 | 0.009 |
Male/female sex (%/%) | 77 / 23 | 79 / 21 | 0.79 | 83/17 | 76/24 | 0.525 | 50/50 | 86/14 | 0.091 |
Ejection fraction (%) Ā± SD | 29.5Ā±10.8 | 32.9Ā±8.6 | 0.127 | 25.5Ā±8.0 | 28.5Ā±5.9 | 0.101 | 45.3Ā±3.0 | 43.4Ā±3.2 | 0.231 |
Mean heart rate (bpm) Ā± SD | 79.1Ā±11.2 | 72.5Ā±11.9 | 0.016 | 80.1Ā±11.7 | 73.3Ā±12.7 | 0.041 | 75.2Ā±8.9 | 70.6Ā±9.8 | 0.339 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmhg) | 108.2Ā±16.3 | 120.4Ā±18.4 | 0.004 | 108.5Ā±16.7 | 114.2Ā±14.7 | 0.173 | 107.2Ā±16.1 | 135.4Ā±18.3 | 0.004 |
NYHA functional class | |||||||||
Ā III/IV (%) | 53/47 | 75/25 | 0.048 | 50/50 | 76/24 | 0.037 | 67/33 | 71/29 | 0.831 |
Comorbidities | |||||||||
Ā Atrial fibrillation (%) | 57 | 35 | 0.107 | 46 | 35 | 0.419 | 100 | 36 | 0.014 |
Ā Diabetes mellitus (%) | 53 | 35 | 0.055 | 54 | 32 | 0.071 | 50 | 57 | 0.621 |
Ā Arterial hypertension (%) | 73 | 77 | 0.707 | 71 | 76 | 0.629 | 83 | 79 | 0.807 |
Ā Hyperlipoproteinemia (%) | 57 | 58 | 0.885 | 58 | 62 | 0.792 | 50 | 50 | 1.000 |
Ā Chronic renal failure (gfrā¤ 60 ml/min) | 33 | 13 | 0.05 | 38 | 15 | 0.069 | 17 | 7 | 0.515 |
Ā Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%) | 30 | 19 | 0.251 | 25 | 18 | 0.496 | 50 | 21 | 0.201 |
Ā Current smoker | 33 | 42 | 0.728 | 38 | 41 | 0.94 | 17 | 50 | 0.362 |
Laboratory values | |||||||||
Ā Haemoglobin (g/dl) Ā± SD | 12.5Ā±2.1 | 13.7Ā±1.7 | 0.009 | 12.8Ā±2.0 | 13.8Ā±1.7 | 0.060 | 11.4Ā±1.9 | 13.5Ā±1.8 | 0.027 |
Ā Serum sodium (mmol/l) Ā± SD | 138.0Ā±4.9 | 139.4Ā±3.4 | 0.125 | 138.5Ā±4.4 | 139.3Ā±3.8 | 0.429 | 136.0Ā±6.7 | 139.7Ā±2.4 | 0.239 |
Ā Cholesterine (mg/dl) Ā± SD | 155.4Ā±38.3 | 167.5Ā±46.0 | 0.231 | 159.7Ā±40.4 | 169.0Ā±49.4 | 0.441 | 138.3Ā±23.7 | 163.9Ā±41.0 | 0.174 |
Ā Serum creatinine (mg/dl) Ā± SD | 1.82Ā±1.19 | 1.22Ā±0.38 | 0.002 | 1.77Ā±0.86 | 1.23Ā±0.37 | 0.008 | 2.03Ā±2.18 | 1.19Ā±0.43 | 0.390 |
Ā Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl) Ā± SD | 93.9Ā±54.1 | 59.4Ā±22.4 | <0.001 | 92.5Ā±54.6 | 59.2Ā±19.0 | 0.008 | 99.7Ā±57.0 | 59.8Ā±30.1 | 0.053 |
Ā Ntpro-bnp | 11731Ā±15582 | 6823Ā±9824 | 0.18 | 11731Ā±15582 | 4815Ā±4760 | 0.23 | n.a. | 352 | n.a. |
Medication | |||||||||
Ā Ace inhibitor or ARB (%) | 70 | 90 | 0.13 | 79 | 88 | 0.166 | 33 | 93 | 0.122 |
Ā Betablocker (%) | 90 | 92 | 0.664 | 92 | 91 | 0.738 | 83 | 93 | 0.281 |
Ā Aldosterone antagonist (%) | 57 | 71 | 0.374 | 58 | 82 | 0.281 | 50 | 43 | 0.419 |
Ā Calcium antagonists (%) | 0 | 17 | 0.062 | 0 | 6 | 0.481 | 0 | 43 | 0.159 |
Ā Diuretics (%) | 90 | 92 | 0.506 | 96 | 97 | 0.456 | 67 | 79 | 0.614 |
Ā Digitalis glycoside (%) | 33 | 25 | 0.458 | 33 | 26 | 0.496 | 33 | 21 | 0.414 |
Ā Amiodarone (%) | 13 | 6 | 0.287 | 17 | 9 | 0.366 | 0 | 0 | n.a. |
Ā Lipid lowering therapy (%) | 53 | 48 | 0.652 | 50 | 50 | 1 | 67 | 43 | 0.11 |
Ā Xantine oxidase inihibitors (%) | 40 | 10 | 0.015 | 46 | 9 | 0.013 | 17 | 14 | 0.203 |