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Table 2 Characteristics of survivors vs. deaths

From: Heart rate at discharge in patients with acute decompensated heart failure is a predictor of mortality

Patient characteristics

All (n=78)

Alive (n=48/62%)

p value

HFrEF (n=58)

Alive (n=34/59%)

p value

HFmrEF (n=20)

Alive (n=14/70%)

p value

Dead (n=30/38%)

Dead (n=24/41%)

Dead (n=6/30%)

Age (years) Ā± SD

70.8Ā±13.7

68.6Ā±13.1

0.472

68.7Ā±14.2

67.9Ā±13.2

0.826

79.2Ā±7.1

70.2Ā±13.1

0.136

Body mass index kg/m2 Ā± SD

26.7Ā±6.6

28.7Ā±4.7

0.13

27.7Ā±6.8

28.1Ā±4.4

0.809

23.1Ā±4.7

30.3Ā±5.2

0.009

Male/female sex (%/%)

77 / 23

79 / 21

0.79

83/17

76/24

0.525

50/50

86/14

0.091

Ejection fraction (%) Ā± SD

29.5Ā±10.8

32.9Ā±8.6

0.127

25.5Ā±8.0

28.5Ā±5.9

0.101

45.3Ā±3.0

43.4Ā±3.2

0.231

Mean heart rate (bpm) Ā± SD

79.1Ā±11.2

72.5Ā±11.9

0.016

80.1Ā±11.7

73.3Ā±12.7

0.041

75.2Ā±8.9

70.6Ā±9.8

0.339

Systolic blood pressure (mmhg)

108.2Ā±16.3

120.4Ā±18.4

0.004

108.5Ā±16.7

114.2Ā±14.7

0.173

107.2Ā±16.1

135.4Ā±18.3

0.004

NYHA functional class

Ā III/IV (%)

53/47

75/25

0.048

50/50

76/24

0.037

67/33

71/29

0.831

Comorbidities

Ā Atrial fibrillation (%)

57

35

0.107

46

35

0.419

100

36

0.014

Ā Diabetes mellitus (%)

53

35

0.055

54

32

0.071

50

57

0.621

Ā Arterial hypertension (%)

73

77

0.707

71

76

0.629

83

79

0.807

Ā Hyperlipoproteinemia (%)

57

58

0.885

58

62

0.792

50

50

1.000

Ā Chronic renal failure (gfrā‰¤ 60 ml/min)

33

13

0.05

38

15

0.069

17

7

0.515

Ā Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%)

30

19

0.251

25

18

0.496

50

21

0.201

Ā Current smoker

33

42

0.728

38

41

0.94

17

50

0.362

Laboratory values

Ā Haemoglobin (g/dl) Ā± SD

12.5Ā±2.1

13.7Ā±1.7

0.009

12.8Ā±2.0

13.8Ā±1.7

0.060

11.4Ā±1.9

13.5Ā±1.8

0.027

Ā Serum sodium (mmol/l) Ā± SD

138.0Ā±4.9

139.4Ā±3.4

0.125

138.5Ā±4.4

139.3Ā±3.8

0.429

136.0Ā±6.7

139.7Ā±2.4

0.239

Ā Cholesterine (mg/dl) Ā± SD

155.4Ā±38.3

167.5Ā±46.0

0.231

159.7Ā±40.4

169.0Ā±49.4

0.441

138.3Ā±23.7

163.9Ā±41.0

0.174

Ā Serum creatinine (mg/dl) Ā± SD

1.82Ā±1.19

1.22Ā±0.38

0.002

1.77Ā±0.86

1.23Ā±0.37

0.008

2.03Ā±2.18

1.19Ā±0.43

0.390

Ā Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl) Ā± SD

93.9Ā±54.1

59.4Ā±22.4

<0.001

92.5Ā±54.6

59.2Ā±19.0

0.008

99.7Ā±57.0

59.8Ā±30.1

0.053

Ā Ntpro-bnp

11731Ā±15582

6823Ā±9824

0.18

11731Ā±15582

4815Ā±4760

0.23

n.a.

352

n.a.

Medication

Ā Ace inhibitor or ARB (%)

70

90

0.13

79

88

0.166

33

93

0.122

Ā Betablocker (%)

90

92

0.664

92

91

0.738

83

93

0.281

Ā Aldosterone antagonist (%)

57

71

0.374

58

82

0.281

50

43

0.419

Ā Calcium antagonists (%)

0

17

0.062

0

6

0.481

0

43

0.159

Ā Diuretics (%)

90

92

0.506

96

97

0.456

67

79

0.614

Ā Digitalis glycoside (%)

33

25

0.458

33

26

0.496

33

21

0.414

Ā Amiodarone (%)

13

6

0.287

17

9

0.366

0

0

n.a.

Ā Lipid lowering therapy (%)

53

48

0.652

50

50

1

67

43

0.11

Ā Xantine oxidase inihibitors (%)

40

10

0.015

46

9

0.013

17

14

0.203