Table 2 Laboratory and chest radiography findings in 1,014 patients with COVID-19 admitted to six hospitals in Alahsa Governorate, Saudi Arabia, stratified by ICU admission

Laboratory findings

 White blood cell count (× 10⁹/L)^a

7.7 ± 4.5 (1.1–42.9)

6.9 ± 3.3 (1.1–26.6)

10.3 ± 6.7 (1.4–42.9)

 ≤ 0.0005

White blood cell count (× 10⁹/L) (No (%))^a

  < 4

150 (14.8%)

127 (15.7%)

23 (11.3%)

 ≤ 0.0005

 4–10

651 (64.2%)

555 (68.6%)

96 (46.8%)

  > 10

213 (21%)

127 (15.7%)

86 (41.9%)

 Neutrophil count (× 10⁹/L)^b

3.4 ± 3.2 (0.01–9.7)

3.2 ± 3.3 (0.01–9.6)

4.9 ± 3.6 (0.1–9.7)

 ≤ 0.0005

 Lymphocyte count (× 10⁹/L)^b

1.3 ± 1.6 (0.3–8.4)

1.2 ± 1.6 (0.34–8.4)

1.3 ± 1.5 (0.3–6.2)

0.278

Lymphocyte count (× 10⁹/L) (No (%))^a

  < 1.0

195 (19.2%)

131 (16.2%)

64 (31.2%)

0.138

  ≥ 1.0

819 (80.8%)

678 (83.8%)

141 (68.8%)

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)^b

12.2 ± 2.3 (3.7–17.4)

12.5 ± 2.2 (4.5–17.4)

11.3 ± 2.3 (3.7–16.4)

 ≤ 0.0005

 Platelet count (× 10⁹/L)^b

285.3 ± 130.6 (8–861)

285.6 ± 123.1 (8–802)

290.2 ± 153.3 (24–861)

0.850

Platelet count (× 10⁹/L) (No (%))^a

  < 100

80 (7.9%)

57 (7.1%)

23 (11.2%)

0.128

  ≥ 100

934 (92.1%)

752 (92.9%)

182 (88.8%)

 Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)^b

55.9 ± 144.3 (3.8–2,465)

43.2 ± 84 (3.8–1,534)

92.6 ± 227.6 (5.7–2,465)

 ≤ 0.0005

 Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)^b

80.1 ± 432.8 (3–10,252)

66.8 ± 463.5 (3–10,252)

109.5 ± 283 (7.3–2,870)

 ≤ 0.0005

Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) (No (%))^a

  < 40

704 (69.4%)

592 (73.2%)

112 (54.6%)

 ≤ 0.0005

  ≥ 40

310 (30.6%)

217 (26.8%)

93 (45.4%)

 Potassium (mmol/L)^b

4.4 ± 0.7 (2.8–8.1)

4.4 ± 0.7 (2.8–8.1)

4.5 ± 0.7 (2.9–7.5)

0.132

 Sodium (mmol/L)^b

137.9 ± 5.7 (57.8–163)

137.7 ± 5.4 (57.8–163)

138.8 ± 6.5 (127–163)

0.960

 Creatinine (μmol/L)^b

89 ± 96.5 (5.2–927)

84.5 ± 92.7 (5.7–927)

92.5 ± 81.4 (5.2–645)

0.081

Creatinine (μmol/L) (No (%)^a

  ≤ 107

833 (82.1%)

673 (83.2%)

160 (78.1%)

0.002

  > 107

181 (17.9%)

136 (16.8%)

45 (21.9%)

 Creatinine kinase (U/L)^b

257.6 ± 821 (2.2–9,716)

204 ± 673.4 (2.2–9,716)

497.4 ± 1,314 (9–9,716)

0.098

Creatinine kinase (U/L) (No (%))^a

  ≤ 198

680 (67.1%)

557 (68.8%)

123 (60.2%)

0.015

  > 198

334 (32.9%)

252 (31.2%)

82 (39.8%)

 Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)^c

16.4 ± 20.1 (0.2–96)

14.2 ± 18.7 (0.2–96)

22.6 ± 24.2 (2.1–96)

 ≤ 0.0005

Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) (No (%))^a

  ≤ 280

549 (54.1%)

479 (59.2%)

70 (34.2%)

 ≤ 0.0005

  > 280

465 (45.9%)

330 (40.8%)

135 (65.8%)

 C-reactive protein (mg/L)^b

16.4 ± 20.1 (0.2–96)

14.2 ± 18.7 (0.2–96)

22.6 ± 24.2 (2.1–96)

0.092

 Ferritin (µg/L)^c

845.6 ± 3,430 (2–49,813)

502.9 ± 860.5 (4.4–7,945)

1,647 ± 5,270 (2–42,969)

 ≤ 0.0005

 ESR (mm/hour)^b

49 ± 35.8 (1–139)

47.9 ± 35.2 (1–139)

54.3 ± 38.7 (1–130)

0.552

Chest CT images^a

 Normal

295 (29.1%)

283 (35%)

12 (5.8%)

 ≤ 0.0005

 Abnormal bilateral lung

427 (42.1%)

285 (35.2%)

142 (69.3%)

 Abnormal right lung

95 (9.4%)

79 (9.8%)

16 (7.8%)

 Abnormal left lung

110 (10.9%)

96 (11.9%)

14 (6.8%)

 No radiography data available

87 (8.5%)

66 (8.1%)

21 (10.2%)