Table 3 Treatments and outcomes in 1,014 patients with COVID-19 admitted to six hospitals in Alahsa Governorate, Saudi Arabia, stratified by ICU admission
Characteristic | All (n = 1014) | Non-ICU (n = 809) | ICU (n = 205) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
No pharmacotherapy was given | 115 (11.3%) | 88 (10.9%) | 27 (13.2%) | 0.338 |
Pharmacotherapy used | ||||
 Hydroxychloroquine | 269 (26.5%) | 235 (29%) | 34 (16.6%) |  ≤ 0.0005 |
 Azithromycin | 337 (33.2%) | 226 (27.9%) | 111 (54%) |  ≤ 0.0005 |
 Oseltamivir | 88 (8.7%) | 73 (9%) | 15 (7.3%) | 0.385 |
 Vitamin C | 322 (31.7%) | 241 (29.8%) | 81 (39.5%) | 0.029 |
 Vitamin D | 286 (28.2%) | 211 (26.1%) | 75 (36.6%) | 0.001 |
 Zinc | 195 (19.2%) | 142 (17.5%) | 53 (25.8%) | 0.001 |
 Ceftriaxone | 332 (32.7%) | 257 (31.8%) | 75 (36.6%) | 0.08 |
 Enoxaparin | 571 (56.3%) | 473 (58.5%) | 98 (47.8%) | 0.005 |
 Favipiravir | 353 (34.8%) | 241 (29.8%) | 112 (54.6%) |  ≤ 0.0005 |
 Thiamine | 94 (9.3%) | 78 (9.6%) | 16 (7.8%) | 0.467 |
 Interferon beta | 53 (5.2%) | 33 (4.1%) | 20 (9.7%) | 0.002 |
 Lopinavir/ritonavir | 80 (7.9%) | 47 (5.8%) | 33 (16.1%) |  ≤ 0.0005 |
 Dexamethasone | 202 (19.9%) | 131 (16.2%) | 71 (34.8%) |  ≤ 0.0005 |
 Hydrocortisone | 84 (8.3%) | 58 (7.2%) | 26 (12.7%) |  ≤ 0.0005 |
 Methylprednisolone | 135 (13.3%) | 88 (10.9%) | 47 (22.9%) |  ≤ 0.0005 |
 Tocilizumab | 144 (14.2%) | 83 (10.2%) | 61 (29.7%) |  ≤ 0.0005 |
 Paracetamol | 355 (35%) | 268 (33.1%) | 87 (42.4%) |  ≤ 0.0005 |
Prognosis | ||||
 Hospitalization | 87 (8.6%) | 62 (7.7%) | 25 (12.2%) |  ≤ 0.0005 |
 Transferred | 29 (2.9%) | 17 (2.1%) | 12 (5.8%) |  |
 Recovered | 778 (76.7%) | 667 (82.4%) | 111 (54.1%) |  |
 Died | 120 (11.8%) | 63 (7.8%) | 57 (27.8%) |  |