Table 5 Quality assessment of studies
From: Determinants of influenza vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women in Europe: a systematic review
Author | Year | Study design | Sample size | Risks of bias | Overall quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blanchard-Rohner et al. | 2012 | Cross-sectional study, quantitative questionnaire | 261 | Selection bias: women without Swiss nationality were included in the sample | Moderate |
Bödeker et al. | 2014 | Cross-sectional study, quantitative questionnaire | 1030 | Selection bias: overrepresentation of women who are generally more interested in health topics, exclusion of women with insufficient knowledge of German language Reporting bias: vaccination status was self-reported | Moderate |
Bödeker et al. | 2015 | Longitudinal study, quantitative, standardized questionnaire | 838 | Selection bias: overrepresentation of women with a higher educational level, underrepresentation of women with immigration backgrounds Reporting bias: vaccination status was self-reported | Low |
Descamps et al. | 2019 | Interview and medical records | 11,752 | Selection bias: underrepresentation of women with immigration backgrounds | Moderate |
Maltezou et al. | 2019 | Cross-sectional study, quantitative, standardized questionnaire | 304 | Selection bias: low percentage of women in sample who were not vaccinated | Moderate |
Maurici et al. | 2015 | Cross-sectional study, quantitative, standardized questionnaire | 309 | Selection bias: overrepresentation of women who were generally more interested in health topics Reporting bias: vaccination status was self-reported | Low |
O’Shea et al. | 2018 | Cross-sectional study, qualitative, semi-structured interviews | 198 | Selection bias: exclusion of women with immigration background, underrepresentation of non-vaccinated women | Low |
Prospero et al. | 2019 | Cross-sectional study, quantitative questionnaire | 366 | Selection bias: women who were generally more interested in health topics, high percentage of women in third trimester, overrepresentation of women with negative attitudes toward vaccination | Low |
Tuells et al. | 2018 | Cross-sectional, descriptive study | 1569 | Selection bias not further specified | Moderate |
Vila-Candel et al. | 2016 | Cross-sectional study, qualitative telephone interviews | 200 | Selection bias: overrepresentation of women with health-seeking behavior | Moderate |
Wilcox et al. | 2019 | Cross-sectional study, quantitative and qualitative questionnaire | 314 | Selection bias: possibly missing subsets of population who were anti-vaccination Reporting bias: self-report of vaccine status | Low |