Fig. 4
Bone cement spacer and induced-membrane technique steps. Step 1 includes debridement, fixation, cement spacer implantation and membrane formations (A traumatized, infected or cancerous tissues; B debridement; C spacer implantation and membrane formation); Step 2 involves in space removal preserving the membrane and the implantation of bone graft material (D spacer removal with membrane preservation; E implantation of bone graft material; F graft remodelling and bone regeneration)