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Table 6 Comparison of ventilatory settings, arterial blood gas analyses and vital signs in the ECMO group (pre-ECMO and post-ECMO)

From: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for SARS-CoV-2: a multi-centered, prospective, observational study in critically ill 92 patients in Saudi Arabia

Variable

12-h before-ECMO initiation (n = 83)

2-h before-ECMO initiation (n = 78)

72-h after-ECMO initiation (n = 71)

12-h before-ECMO removal (n = 67)

2-h before-ECMO removal (n = 62)

p- value

Ventilatory settings

 Peak pressure, cmH2O

34.2 ± 7.2 (15–45)

35.4 ± 5.8 (19–45)

30 ± 6 (10–50)

29.7 ± 7.4 (5–51)

32.1 ± 5.8 (15–50)

0.010*

 Plateau pressure, cmH2O

30.1 ± 5.1 (17–38)

30.4 ± 5.8 (17–41)

26.6 ± 4.7 (10–38)

26.5 ± 5.8 (15–41)

27.7 ± 6.8 (15–50)

0.214

 PEEP, cmH2O

12.5 ± 2.9 (5–18)

13.1 ± 2.6 (5–19)

10.1 ± 3 (5–17)

9.2 ± 2.8 (2–16)

9.6 ± 3 (5–22)

0.588

 FiO2, %

95.3 ± 10.8 (55–100)

95.2 ± 12.2 (50–100)

54.8 ± 19.8 (30–110)

62.6 ± 25.5 (30–100)

66.9 ± 28.2 (30–100)

0.817

 Tidal volume, ml

400.9 ± 50.6 (280–500)

377 ± 74.3 (45–491)

266.2 ± 106.3 (30–531)

275 ± 142.7 (20–595)

290.8 ± 161.1 (2.8–625)

0.708

ABG analyses

 pH in ABG

7.2 ± 0.13 (7–7.45)

7.3 ± 0.12 (6.95–7.48)

7.32 ± 0.13 (6.9–7.6)

7.32 ± 0.9 (7.1–7.5)

7.3 ± 0.15 (6.8–7.53)

0.514

 PaO2 in ABG, mmHg

62.9 ± 15.7 (38.2–107)

61.1 ± 17.7 (39–124)

74 ± 29.2 (34–179)

71 ± 27.1 (36–177)

70 ± 26.3 (29–169)

0.002*

 PCO2 in ABG, mmHg

61.8 ± 20.3 (33.7–126)

66.8 ± 29 (29.3–150)

49.3 ± 13.1 (23.4–98)

50.3 ± 14.3 (22.4–106)

51 ± 15 (20.5–96)

0.042*

 HCO3 in ABG, mEq/L

24.4 ± 5.9 (12.4–39)

24.8 ± 5.9 (14.9–40)

24.5 ± 6.3 (5.6–37.3)

23.8 ± 6.4 (5.4–34.8)

23 ± 6.6 (5.2–35.1)

0.598

 Lactate in ABG, mmol/l

2.9 ± 2.5 (0.9–10.7)

3.9 ± 6.7 (0.8–37.1)

3.7 ± 5 (0.7–21)

3.8 ± 4.9 (0.6–18)

5.4 ± 6.6 (0.5–30)

0.398

Vital signs

 Mean arterial pressure, mmHg

81.4 ± 13.7 (60–116)

78.7 ± 14.4 (54–124)

76.1 ± 15.9 (43–133)

77.7 ± 19.9 (45–181)

71.5 ± 21.2 (33–145)

0.322

 Heart rate, beats per minute

104.5 ± 20.7 (54–148)

104 ± 22.6 (50–165)

103.1 ± 22.4 (53–158)

97.8 ± 22.3 (56–145)

91.1 ± 25.8 (34–133)

0.251

 Central venous pressure, mmHg

13.4 ± 4.5 (7–22)

22.1 ± 31.5 (7–111)

20.8 ± 13.4 (8.3–88)

13.1 ± 2.8 (9–21)

17.4 ± 21.5 (6–97)

0.293

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD (minimum–maximum), or number (%), unless otherwise indicated
  2. ABG arterial blood gas, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, FiO2 fraction of inspired oxygen, PaCO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PaO2 partial pressure of oxygen, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, SD standard deviation
  3. *Represents significant differences