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Table 1 Baseline characteristics in sepsis patients

From: Serum cystatin C, kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, klotho and fibroblast growth factor-23 in the early prediction of acute kidney injury associated with sepsis in a Chinese emergency cohort study

Variables

Total (n = 162)

AKI group (n = 60)

Non-AKI group (n = 102)

P value

Demography

    

Age (years)

72 (58.83)

75 (59.84)

70 (58.83)

0.324

Male (%)

97 (59.9)

39 (65.0)

58 (56.9)

0.325

Hypertension (%)

68 (42.0)

26 (43.3)

42 (41.2)

0.726

Diabetes mellitus (%)

49 (30.2)

19 (31.7)

30 (29.4)

0.448

Chronic heart disease (%)

43 (26.5)

22 (36.7)

21 (20.6)

0.029

Chronic lung disease (%)

25 (15.4)

6 (10.0)

19 (18.6)

0.175

Cerebral disease (%)

43 (26.5)

17 (28.3)

26 (25.5)

0.715

CKD (%)

17 (10.5)

12 (20.0)

5 (4.9)

0.006

In-hospital mortality

37 (22.8)

25 (42.7

12 (11.8)

0.000

Clinical presentation

    

qSOFA score

2 (1.2)

2 (2.2)

1 (1.2)

0.000

Heart rate (bpm)

109 ± 26

114 ± 30

106 ± 23

0.061

Systolic pressure (mmHg)

122 ± 27

117 ± 28

124 ± 26

0.112

Diastolic pressure (mmHg)

67 ± 16

66 ± 17

68 ± 16

0.499

Tmax (℃)

39.0 ± 0.9

39.0 ± 1.1

39.0 ± 0.8

0.690

SpO2 (%)

95 (88.99)

95 (87.99)

95 (89.99)

0.944

Lac (mmol/L)

1.9 (1.1, 3.8)

2.8 (1.5, 6.0)

1.6 (1.1, 2.7)

0.000

PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg)

230 ± 94

217 ± 105

238 ± 86

0.211

Laboratory tests

    

CRP

147.4 (82.3, 200)

200 (126.2, 200)

120 (68.5, 200)

0.000

Hemoglobin (g/L)

103 ± 29

96 ± 32

108 ± 26

0.016

WBC (× 109/L)

12.9 (9.5, 17.1)

15.8 (11.3, 20.2)

11.7 (8.3, 15.4)

0.002

Neutrophils (%)

88.2 (81.7, 92.2)

90.2 (84.5, 93.6)

86.6 (80.1, 90.8)

0.009

PLT (× 109/L)

128 (72, 222)

91 (36, 164)

152 (85, 241)

0.000

PCT (ng/mL)

2.635 (0.422, 8.338)

6.960 (1.870, 25.600)

1.220 (0.204, 4.350)

0.000

SCr at admission (μmol/L)

73.0 (58.5, 120.0)

144.0 (78.5, 231.0)

68.0 (52.5, 91.0)

0.000

SCr Max (μmol/L)

90.0 (64.5, 191.1)

221.0 (149.5, 316.3)

72.0 (56.5, 91.5)

0.000

eGFR (mL/min*1.73m2)

67.24 (26.58, 86.25)

21.92 (13.47, 38.54)

84.79 (68.74, 97.19)

0.000

BUN (mmol/L)

10.76 (6.41, 21.61)

24.42 (18.84, 34.48)

7.33 (5.36, 10.66)

0.000

TNI (ng/mL)

0.050 (0.050, 0.052)

0.05 (0.05, 0.160)

0.05 (0.05, 0.05)

0.000

BNP (ng/mL)

196 (65, 521)

419 (100, 1180)

128 (60, 329)

0.002

FBG (mmol/L)

7.48 (6.07, 11.55)

8.14 (6.45, 13.71)

7.41 (5.98, 10.48)

0.134

Albumin (g/L)

29.9 ± 5.9

27.4 ± 4.8

31.5 ± 6.0

0.000

TBil (μmol/L)

15.9 (10.4, 30.0)

20.2 (12.7, 33.3)

15.1 (9.2, 22.4)

0.003

Prothrombin activity (%)

66 ± 18

61 ± 20

69 ± 16

0.008

Fibrinogen (mg/dL)

458 (374, 569)

479 (328, 601)

452 (396, 550)

0.721

d-Dimer (ng/mL)

1833 (532, 3394)

3374 (2174, 7307)

830 (410, 2035)

0.000

Hemoculture positive (%)

27 (16.7)

11 (18.3)

16 (15.7)

0.668

Other culture of bacteria positive (%)

37 (22.8)

16 (26.7)

21 (20.6)

0.442

CRE positive (%)

8 (4.9)

4 (6.7)

4 (3.9)

0.474

Virus positive (%)

13 (8.0)

3 (5.0)

10 (9.8)

0.375

Fungal culture positive (%)

14 (8.5)

7 (11.7)

7 (6.9)

0.388

LVEF (%)

65 ± 9

63 ± 12

66 ± 7

0.174

Therapies

    

Carbapenems (%)

104 (64.2)

50 (83.3)

54 (52.9)

0.000

Penicillins (%)

76 (46.9)

24 (40.0)

52 (51.0)

0.195

Cephalosporin (%)

58 (35.8)

20 (33.3)

38 (37.3)

0.735

Quinolone (%)

111 (68.5)

43 (71.7)

68 (66.7)

0.600

Aminoglycosides (%)

32 (19.8)

15 (25.0)

17 (16.7)

0.223

Macrolide (%)

5 (3.1)

0 (0)

5 (4.9)

0.159

Sulfonamides (%)

5 (3.1)

2 (3.3)

3 (2.9)

0.613

Tetracycline (%)

4 (2.5)

3 (5.0)

1 (1.0)

0.144

Gram-positive coccal antibiotics (%)

36 (22.2)

15 (25.0)

21 (20.6)

0.560

Antiviral therapy (%)

26 (16.1)

10 (16.7)

16 (15.7)

0.518

Fungal antibiotics (%)

20 (12.3)

13 (21.7)

7 (6.9)

0.012

Dopamine (%)

8 (4.9)

6 (10.0)

2 (2.0)

0.053

Noradrenaline (%)

15 (9.3)

12 (20.0)

3 (2.9)

0.000

Metaraminol (%)

18 (11.1)

13 (21.7)

5 (4.9)

0.002

Glucocorticoid therapy (%)

38 (23.5)

14 (23.3)

24 (23.5)

0.568

NSAIDs (%)

8 (4.9)

1 (1.7)

7 (6.9)

0.260

Use of furosemide (mg/days)

0 (0.20)

20 (0.40)

0 (0.20)

0.000

CVC (%)

22 (13.6)

15 (25.0)

7 (6.9)

0.002

In-hospital surgery (%)

2 (1.2)

1 (1.7)

1 (1.0)

0.608

Mechanical ventilation (%)

15 (9.3)

10 (16.7)

5 (4.9)

0.022

CRRT (%)

6 (3.7)

6 (10.0)

0 (0)

0.000

ECMO (%)

2 (1.2)

2 (3.3)

0 (0)

0.136

  1. Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation, n (%), or median (interquartile range)
  2. CKD, chronic kidney disease; SCr, serum creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBG, fa sting blood glucose; CRE, carbapenem-resistant enterobacteria; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; CVC, central vein catheterization; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Compared with non-AKI group, P < 0.05 was considered significantly