Variables | Total (n = 162) | AKI group (n = 60) | Non-AKI group (n = 102) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demography | ||||
Age (years) | 72 (58.83) | 75 (59.84) | 70 (58.83) | 0.324 |
Male (%) | 97 (59.9) | 39 (65.0) | 58 (56.9) | 0.325 |
Hypertension (%) | 68 (42.0) | 26 (43.3) | 42 (41.2) | 0.726 |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 49 (30.2) | 19 (31.7) | 30 (29.4) | 0.448 |
Chronic heart disease (%) | 43 (26.5) | 22 (36.7) | 21 (20.6) | 0.029 |
Chronic lung disease (%) | 25 (15.4) | 6 (10.0) | 19 (18.6) | 0.175 |
Cerebral disease (%) | 43 (26.5) | 17 (28.3) | 26 (25.5) | 0.715 |
CKD (%) | 17 (10.5) | 12 (20.0) | 5 (4.9) | 0.006 |
In-hospital mortality | 37 (22.8) | 25 (42.7 | 12 (11.8) | 0.000 |
Clinical presentation | ||||
qSOFA score | 2 (1.2) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (1.2) | 0.000 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 109 ± 26 | 114 ± 30 | 106 ± 23 | 0.061 |
Systolic pressure (mmHg) | 122 ± 27 | 117 ± 28 | 124 ± 26 | 0.112 |
Diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 67 ± 16 | 66 ± 17 | 68 ± 16 | 0.499 |
Tmax (℃) | 39.0 ± 0.9 | 39.0 ± 1.1 | 39.0 ± 0.8 | 0.690 |
SpO2 (%) | 95 (88.99) | 95 (87.99) | 95 (89.99) | 0.944 |
Lac (mmol/L) | 1.9 (1.1, 3.8) | 2.8 (1.5, 6.0) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.7) | 0.000 |
PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | 230 ± 94 | 217 ± 105 | 238 ± 86 | 0.211 |
Laboratory tests | ||||
CRP | 147.4 (82.3, 200) | 200 (126.2, 200) | 120 (68.5, 200) | 0.000 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 103 ± 29 | 96 ± 32 | 108 ± 26 | 0.016 |
WBC (× 109/L) | 12.9 (9.5, 17.1) | 15.8 (11.3, 20.2) | 11.7 (8.3, 15.4) | 0.002 |
Neutrophils (%) | 88.2 (81.7, 92.2) | 90.2 (84.5, 93.6) | 86.6 (80.1, 90.8) | 0.009 |
PLT (× 109/L) | 128 (72, 222) | 91 (36, 164) | 152 (85, 241) | 0.000 |
PCT (ng/mL) | 2.635 (0.422, 8.338) | 6.960 (1.870, 25.600) | 1.220 (0.204, 4.350) | 0.000 |
SCr at admission (μmol/L) | 73.0 (58.5, 120.0) | 144.0 (78.5, 231.0) | 68.0 (52.5, 91.0) | 0.000 |
SCr Max (μmol/L) | 90.0 (64.5, 191.1) | 221.0 (149.5, 316.3) | 72.0 (56.5, 91.5) | 0.000 |
eGFR (mL/min*1.73m2) | 67.24 (26.58, 86.25) | 21.92 (13.47, 38.54) | 84.79 (68.74, 97.19) | 0.000 |
BUN (mmol/L) | 10.76 (6.41, 21.61) | 24.42 (18.84, 34.48) | 7.33 (5.36, 10.66) | 0.000 |
TNI (ng/mL) | 0.050 (0.050, 0.052) | 0.05 (0.05, 0.160) | 0.05 (0.05, 0.05) | 0.000 |
BNP (ng/mL) | 196 (65, 521) | 419 (100, 1180) | 128 (60, 329) | 0.002 |
FBG (mmol/L) | 7.48 (6.07, 11.55) | 8.14 (6.45, 13.71) | 7.41 (5.98, 10.48) | 0.134 |
Albumin (g/L) | 29.9 ± 5.9 | 27.4 ± 4.8 | 31.5 ± 6.0 | 0.000 |
TBil (μmol/L) | 15.9 (10.4, 30.0) | 20.2 (12.7, 33.3) | 15.1 (9.2, 22.4) | 0.003 |
Prothrombin activity (%) | 66 ± 18 | 61 ± 20 | 69 ± 16 | 0.008 |
Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 458 (374, 569) | 479 (328, 601) | 452 (396, 550) | 0.721 |
d-Dimer (ng/mL) | 1833 (532, 3394) | 3374 (2174, 7307) | 830 (410, 2035) | 0.000 |
Hemoculture positive (%) | 27 (16.7) | 11 (18.3) | 16 (15.7) | 0.668 |
Other culture of bacteria positive (%) | 37 (22.8) | 16 (26.7) | 21 (20.6) | 0.442 |
CRE positive (%) | 8 (4.9) | 4 (6.7) | 4 (3.9) | 0.474 |
Virus positive (%) | 13 (8.0) | 3 (5.0) | 10 (9.8) | 0.375 |
Fungal culture positive (%) | 14 (8.5) | 7 (11.7) | 7 (6.9) | 0.388 |
LVEF (%) | 65 ± 9 | 63 ± 12 | 66 ± 7 | 0.174 |
Therapies | ||||
Carbapenems (%) | 104 (64.2) | 50 (83.3) | 54 (52.9) | 0.000 |
Penicillins (%) | 76 (46.9) | 24 (40.0) | 52 (51.0) | 0.195 |
Cephalosporin (%) | 58 (35.8) | 20 (33.3) | 38 (37.3) | 0.735 |
Quinolone (%) | 111 (68.5) | 43 (71.7) | 68 (66.7) | 0.600 |
Aminoglycosides (%) | 32 (19.8) | 15 (25.0) | 17 (16.7) | 0.223 |
Macrolide (%) | 5 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 5 (4.9) | 0.159 |
Sulfonamides (%) | 5 (3.1) | 2 (3.3) | 3 (2.9) | 0.613 |
Tetracycline (%) | 4 (2.5) | 3 (5.0) | 1 (1.0) | 0.144 |
Gram-positive coccal antibiotics (%) | 36 (22.2) | 15 (25.0) | 21 (20.6) | 0.560 |
Antiviral therapy (%) | 26 (16.1) | 10 (16.7) | 16 (15.7) | 0.518 |
Fungal antibiotics (%) | 20 (12.3) | 13 (21.7) | 7 (6.9) | 0.012 |
Dopamine (%) | 8 (4.9) | 6 (10.0) | 2 (2.0) | 0.053 |
Noradrenaline (%) | 15 (9.3) | 12 (20.0) | 3 (2.9) | 0.000 |
Metaraminol (%) | 18 (11.1) | 13 (21.7) | 5 (4.9) | 0.002 |
Glucocorticoid therapy (%) | 38 (23.5) | 14 (23.3) | 24 (23.5) | 0.568 |
NSAIDs (%) | 8 (4.9) | 1 (1.7) | 7 (6.9) | 0.260 |
Use of furosemide (mg/days) | 0 (0.20) | 20 (0.40) | 0 (0.20) | 0.000 |
CVC (%) | 22 (13.6) | 15 (25.0) | 7 (6.9) | 0.002 |
In-hospital surgery (%) | 2 (1.2) | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.0) | 0.608 |
Mechanical ventilation (%) | 15 (9.3) | 10 (16.7) | 5 (4.9) | 0.022 |
CRRT (%) | 6 (3.7) | 6 (10.0) | 0 (0) | 0.000 |
ECMO (%) | 2 (1.2) | 2 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 0.136 |