Table 4 Specific molecules contained in exosome
From: A “cell-free treatment” for tendon injuries: adipose stem cell-derived exosomes
Molecules | Source | Biological effects |
|---|---|---|
Biglycan | Adipose-derived stem cells | Biglycan is a leucine-rich repetitive proteoglycan, which is mainly important for the differentiation and migration of tendon cells, as well as for the regulation of collagen organization |
Decorin | Adipose-derived stem cells | Decorin is a substance that significantly affects the mechanical properties of tendons |
Prostaglandin-E2 | Macrophages, adipose-derived stem cells | Prostaglandins-E2 are substances associated with inflammatory responses |
Transforming growth factor-β | Adipose-derived stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, macrophages | Transforming growth factor-β can regulate T cells and participate in various immune responses, which also plays an essential role in the process of tendon fibrosis |
Vascular endothelial growth factor | Adipose-derived stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, macrophages | Vascular endothelial growth factor plays an indispensable role in the process of tendon angiogenesis. Their main functions are to improve vascular permeability and enhance the proliferation of endothelial cells |