Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
Overall | Normal (30–60 ng/mL) | Deficient (< 30 ng/mL) | Elevated (> 60 ng/mL) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 1091, 100%) | (n = 284, 26.03%) | (n = 790, 72.41%) | (n = 17, 1.56%) | ||
Blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (ng/mL) | 23.43 ± 13.79 | 38.91 ± 7.57 | 16.73 ± 6.76 | 76.18 ± 16.07 | < 0.001 |
Type of examination | |||||
Routine | 597 (54.72%) | 163 (57.39%) | 424 (53.67%) | 10 (58.82%) | 0.526 |
Urgent | 494 (45.28%) | 121 (42.61%) | 366 (46.33%) | 7 (41.18%) | |
Age (years) | 61.47 ± 15.70 | 66.09 ± 15.14 | 59.69 ± 15.59 | 67.06 ± 13.34 | < 0.001 |
Sex | |||||
Male | 553 (50.69%) | 123 (43.31%) | 424 (53.67%) | 6 (35.29%) | 0.005 |
Female | 538 (49.31%) | 161 (56.69%) | 366 (46.33%) | 11 (64.71%) | |
Marital status | |||||
Single | 383 (35.11%) | 82 (28.87%) | 298 (37.72%) | 3 (17.65%) | 0.009 |
Married | 420 (38.50%) | 111 (39.08%) | 301 (38.10%) | 8 (47.06%) | |
Divorced | 87 (7.97%) | 24 (8.45%) | 62 (7.85%) | 1 (5.88%) | |
Widowed | 113 (10.36%) | 44 (15.49%) | 65 (8.23%) | 4 (23.53%) | |
Unknown | 88 (8.07%) | 23 (8.10%) | 64 (8.10%) | 1 (5.88%) | |
Ethnicity | |||||
White | 671 (61.50%) | 192 (67.61%) | 466 (58.99%) | 13 (76.47%) | 0.036 |
Black/African American | 157 (14.39%) | 27 (9.51%) | 127 (16.08%) | 3 (17.65%) | |
Hispanic/Latino | 44 (4.03%) | 8 (2.82%) | 36 (4.56%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Asian | 39 (3.57%) | 6 (2.11%) | 33 (4.18%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Other/unknown | 180 (16.50%) | 51 (17.96%) | 128 (16.20%) | 1 (5.88%) | |
Admission location | |||||
Emergency room | 470 (43.08%) | 142 (50.00%) | 320 (40.51%) | 8 (47.06%) | 0.051 |
Physician referral | 156 (14.30%) | 37 (13.03%) | 117 (14.81%) | 2 (11.76%) | |
Transfer from hospital | 322 (29.51%) | 79 (27.82%) | 238 (30.13%) | 5 (29.41%) | |
Walk-in/self-referral | 67 (6.14%) | 11 (3.87%) | 56 (7.09%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Procedure site | 5 (0.46%) | 1 (0.35%) | 4 (0.51%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Transfer from skilled nursing facility | 23 (2.11%) | 4 (1.41%) | 19 (2.41%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Clinic referral | 34 (3.12%) | 9 (3.17%) | 24 (3.04%) | 1 (5.88%) | |
Post-anesthesia care unit | 4 (0.37%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (0.38%) | 1 (5.88%) | |
Information not available | 8 (0.73%) | 1 (0.35%) | 7 (0.89%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Ambulatory surgery transfer | 2 (0.18%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (0.25%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Type of intensive care unit | |||||
Medical Intensive Care Unit | 379 (34.74%) | 97 (34.15%) | 280 (35.44%) | 2 (11.76%) | 0.154 |
Medical/Surgical Intensive Care Unit | 241 (22.09%) | 62 (21.83%) | 175 (22.15%) | 4 (23.53%) | |
Cardiac Vascular Intensive Care Unit | 55 (5.04%) | 18 (6.34%) | 34 (4.30%) | 3 (17.65%) | |
Surgical Intensive Care Unit | 181 (16.59%) | 39 (13.73%) | 139 (17.59%) | 3 (17.65%) | |
Trauma Surgical Intensive Care Unit | 102 (9.35%) | 25 (8.80%) | 75 (9.49%) | 2 (11.76%) | |
Coronary Care Unit | 89 (8.16%) | 28 (9.86%) | 58 (7.34%) | 3 (17.65%) | |
Neuro Surgical Intensive Care Unit | 25 (2.29%) | 9 (3.17%) | 16 (2.03%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Neuro Intermediate | 13 (1.19%) | 2 (0.70%) | 11 (1.39%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Neuro Stepdown | 5 (0.46%) | 3 (1.06%) | 2 (0.25%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Post-anesthesia Care Unit | 1 (0.09%) | 1 (0.35%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Glasgow Coma Scale | 14 (10–15) | 14 (10–15) | 14 (10–15) | 13 (11–15) | 0.748 |
SOFA | 6 (4–10) | 6 (3.75–9) | 6 (4–10) | 6 (4–11) | 0.528 |
SAPS II | 39.26 ± 13.84 | 39.80 ± 13.90 | 39.02 ± 13.87 | 41.76 ± 11.58 | 0.541 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | 6 (4–8) | 6 (4–8) | 6 (4–8) | 6 (6–8) | 0.115 |
Myocardial infarction | 158 (14.48%) | 51 (17.96%) | 103 (13.04%) | 4 (23.53%) | 0.073 |
Congestive heart failure | 354 (32.45%) | 106 (37.32%) | 245 (31.01%) | 3 (17.65%) | 0.063 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 106 (9.72%) | 25 (8.80%) | 79 (10.00%) | 2 (11.76%) | 0.809 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 269 (24.66%) | 75 (26.41%) | 189 (23.92%) | 5 (29.41%) | 0.636 |
Mild liver disease | 296 (27.13%) | 54 (19.01%) | 236 (29.87%) | 6 (35.29%) | 0.001 |
Severe liver disease | 217 (19.89%) | 42 (14.79%) | 172 (21.77%) | 3 (17.65%) | 0.040 |
Renal disease | 378 (34.65%) | 106 (37.32%) | 263 (33.29%) | 9 (52.94%) | 0.132 |
Dialysis | 164 (15.03%) | 30 (10.56%) | 131 (16.58%) | 3 (17.65%) | 0.049 |
Diabetes without complications | 264 (24.20%) | 62 (21.83%) | 199 (25.19%) | 3 (17.65%) | 0.430 |
Diabetes with complications | 178 (16.32%) | 37 (13.03%) | 137 (17.34%) | 4 (23.53%) | 0.173 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 119 (10.91%) | 36 (12.68%) | 81 (10.25%) | 2 (11.76%) | 0.529 |
Dementia | 47 (4.31%) | 18 (6.34%) | 28 (3.54%) | 1 (5.88%) | 0.131 |
Paraplegia | 43 (3.94%) | 13 (4.58%) | 29 (3.67%) | 1 (5.88%) | 0.731 |
Rheumatic disease | 49 (4.49%) | 20 (7.04%) | 29 (3.67%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.042 |
Malignant tumor | 183 (16.77%) | 41 (14.44%) | 138 (17.47%) | 4 (23.53%) | 0.379 |
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 14 (1.28%) | 4 (1.41%) | 10 (1.27%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.879 |