Table 2 Overview of risk factors associated with liver metastasis of CRC
Factors associated with metachronous liver metastasis | References |
|---|---|
Sex | Feng et al. [121] |
Age | Tsai et al. [19] |
Chuang et al. [20] | |
Zheng et al. [22] | |
Primary tumor location | Feng et al. [121] |
T stage | Khan et al. [39] |
N stage | Khan et al. [39] |
Chuang et al. [20] | |
Yamauchi et al. [59] | |
Feng et al. [121] | |
Positive vascular invasion | Chuang et al. [20] |
Serum CEA levels | Khan et al. [39] |
Chuang et al. [20] | |
Laubert et al. [52] | |
KRAS and/or BRAF genotype | Feng et al. [121] |
Margonis et al. [123] | |
Carmen et al. [106] | |
Huang et al. [110] | |
Pantal et al. [109] | |
Chemokine (receptors) and CTC | Amara et al. [76] |
Schøler et al. [34] | |
Primary tumor growth pattern | Wu et al. [27] |
Serum mir-200c | Yuji et al. [87] |
COX-2 | Yamauchi et al. [59] |
Chromosome abnormality | Laubert et al. [52] |
HER2 | Styczen et al. [141] |
HER3 | Styczen et al. [141] |
Factors associated with synchronous liver metastasis | References |
|---|---|
Age | Colloca et al. [48] |
Primary tumor location | Colloca et al. [48] |
Primary tumor size | Mekenkamp et al. [14] |
Zheng et al. [22] | |
Tumor grading | Zheng et al. [22] |
T stage | Mekenkamp et al. [14] |
N stage | Mekenkamp et al. [14] |
Zheng et al. [22] | |
Serum CEA levels | Colloca et al. [48] |
Primary tumor growth pattern | Mekenkamp et al. [14] |
COX-2 | Pantal et al. [109] |
HER2 | Pan et al. [140] |