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Table 2 High-frequency metabolic biomarkers of ICP

From: Application of metabolomics in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a systematic review

Bile acids

Frequency

Bio-specimen

References

GCA (glycocholic acid)

10

Serum

[9, 12, 19, 20, 22, 24]

Plasma

[18]

Urine

[16, 23]

Placenta & Serum

[13]

TCDCA (taurochenodeoxycholic acid)

8

Serum

[9, 12, 19, 22, 24] [20]a

Plasma

[18]

Urine

[23]

TCA (taurocholic acid)

7

Serum

[9, 12, 19, 20, 24]

Plasma

[18]

Urine

[23]

TUDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid)

7

Serum

[9, 12, 19, 20, 22, 24]

Urine

[23]

GCDCA (glycochenodeoxycholic acid)

7

Serum

[9, 12, 19, 20, 22, 24]

Plasma

[18]

THCA (taurohyocholic acid)

5

Serum

[9, 12]

Plasma

[18]

Urine

[16, 23]

GDCA (glycodeoxycholic acid)

4

Serum

[9, 12, 19, 22]

  1. aDown-regulated trend