Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Studies | Patients | Controls | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Country | Exercise Protocol | Type of Exercise | Source | Assessed Cytokines | N | Mean Age (years) | Male, % | Mean Disease Duration | Mean EDSS score | Type of Controls | N | Mean age (years) | Male, % |
Berkowitz et al., 2019 | Israel | A session of training for 2 h | Aerobic exercises | Serum | IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-ɣ, TNF-α | 14 | 33.80 | 0 | - | - | Healthy people who exercised | 9 | 28.3 | 0 |
Devasahayam et al., 2020 | Canada | Training for ten weeks (3x/week) | Aerobic exercises | Serum | IL-6, BDNF | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Devasahayam et al., 2021 | Canada | A session of graded exercise test (GXT) | Aerobic exercises | Serum | IL-6, BDNF | 14 | 54.07 | 28% | 16.57 | - | Healthy people who exercised | 8 | 50.71 | 37% |
Donia et al., 2019 | Canada | A session of training for 1 h | Aerobic exercises | Serum | IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-ɣ, IL-1RA | 13 | 57.20 | 23% | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Faramarzi et al., 2020 | Iran | Training for 12 weeks (3x/week) | Combined aerobic and resistance exercises | Plasma | IL-6, IFN-ɣ | 46 | - | 0% | - | - | MS patients who didn't exercise | 43 | - | 0% |
Kierkegaard et al., 2016 | Sweden | Training for 12 weeks (2x/week) | Resistance exercises | Serum | IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17 | 17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Kordi et al., 2014 | Iran | Training for 8 weeks (4x/week) | Combined aerobic and resistance exercises | Serum | IL-10, TNF-α | 27 | 33.68 | - | - | 1.78 | MS patients who didn't exercise | 8 | 33.63 | - |
Mokhtarzade et al., 2021 | Iran | Training for 6 months (5x/week) | Combined aerobic and resistance exercises | Serum | IL-10, TNF-α | 21 | 35.06 | 28% | 4.35 | 2.14 | MS patients who didn't exercise | 21 | 36.38 | 23% |
Raisi et al., 2018 | Iran | Training for 12 weeks (3x/week) | Combined aerobic and resistance exercises | Serum | IL-6 | 48 | - | 0% | - | - | MS patients who did only stretching trainings | 48 | - | 0% |
Schulz et al., 2004 | Germany | A session of training for 30 min | Aerobic exercises | Plasma | IL-6, sIL-6R, BDNF, NGF | 15 | 39 | 26% | 11.40 | 2.30 | MS patients who didn't exercise | 13 | 40 | 38% |
White et al., 2006 | United States | Training for 8 weeks (2x/week) | Resistance exercises | Serum | IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-ɣ, TNF-α | 10 | 47 | 0% | - | 3.80 | - | - | - | - |