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Table 3 Results of within- and between-group meta-analyses.

From: IL-6 and TNF-α responses to acute and regular exercise in adult individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Comparison

Subgroup

No. studies

No. Cases

No. Controls

Meta-analysis

Heterogeneity

Effect size

95% Confidence interval (%)

p

Eggers

I2 (%)

Q

p

Pre–Post

 IL-6

Overall

9

184

NA

−0.0925

−0.2976; 0.1125

0.3765

0.45

0.0%

3.69

0.8843

Acute Exercise

4

56

−0.0724

−0.4459; 0.3010

0.7037

0.8997

0.0%

2.98

NA

Regular Exercise

5

128

−0.1012

−0.3465; 0.1442

0.4189

0.0%

0.69

 TNF-α

Overall

6

102

NA

−0.5162

−0.9195; -0.1129

0.0121

0.27

48.6%

9.73

0.0833

Acute Exercise

2

27

−0.2190

−0.7551; 0.3171

0.4233

0.2591

0.0%

0.28

NA

Regular Exercise

4

75

−0.6705

−1.2429; -0.0982

0.0217

63.7%

8.26

MS-Control

 IL-6

Overall

5

137

121

−0.0888

−0.3351; 0.1575

0.4798

0.18

0.0%

2.66

0.6162

Acute Exercise

3

43

30

0.1023

−0.3673; 0.5719

0.6694

0.3579

0.0%

0.61

NA

Regular Exercise

2

94

91

−0.1623

−0.4750; 0.1503

0.3088

14.4%

1.17

 TNF-α

Overall

3

62

38

−0.2364

−0.6551; 0.1824

0.2686

0.23

0.0%

0.60

0.7410

Acute Exercise

1

14

9

0.0108

−0.8266; 0.8482

NA

0.5041

NA

NA

NA

Regular Exercise

2

48

29

−0.3188

−0.8023; 0.1648

0.1963

0.0%

0.15

  1. Within-group analysis: individuals with multiple sclerosis: pre- vs. post-comparisons for acute and regular exercise. Between-group analysis: individuals with vs. without multiple sclerosis; comparisons for acute and regular exercising
  2. MS = multiple sclerosis; IL-6 = interleukin-6; TNF-α = Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha. NA = Not Applicable
  3. Significant p-values are in Bold