Biomarkers of interstitial lung disease associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome

Table 2 Clinical, demographic, and laboratory characteristics of pSS patients segregated by ILD subcategory

Variable	no/indeterminate ILD	moderate/advanced ILD	p value
	(ILA score 0 + 1)	(ILA score 2 + 3)
	(n = 35)	(n = 34)
Female, no. (%)	30 (86)	28 (82)	0.703
Age at diagnosis of pSS, years	52.00 (44.00–58.00)	61.00 (52.50–66.50)	0.003
Disease duration, years	1.00 (0.50–4.00)	2.50 (1.00–5.00)	0.229
IgG, g/l	17.60 (14.10–21.50)	18.50 (10.09–21.58)	0.792
IgM, g/l	1.09 (0.62–1.86)	1.44 (1.19–2.88)	0.029
IgA, g/l	3.21 (2.53–4.37)	2.74 (2.26–3.83)	0.203
C3, g/l	0.89 (0.72–1.19)	0.98 (0.92–1.11)	0.138
C4, g/l	0.20 (0.14–0.24)	0.21 (0.15–0.30)	0.201
CRP, mg/l	2.09 (0.40–6.23)	7.97 (1.85–23.20)	0.002
ANA positive, no. (%)	31 (89)	28 (82)	0.695
Anti-SSA/Ro60 positive, no. (%)	23 (66)	15 (44)	0.071
Anti-SSB/La positive, no. (%)	13 (37)	6 (18)	0.07
Anti-Ro-52 positive, no. (%)	26 (74)	28 (82)	0.417
eotaxin/CCL11, pg/ml	278.00 (167.00–391.00)	1130.00 (549.25–1538.25)	0.005
KL-6, U/ml	146.00 (119.00–208.00)	202.00 (164.25–300.75)	< 0.0001
TGF-α, pg/ml	1.07 (1.07–1.07)¹	1.07 (1.07–4.19)	0.044
TNF-α, pg/ml	7.17 (1.83–12.07)	11.60 (5.88–26.86)	0.026

Eotaxin/CCL11 C–C motif chemokine ligand 11, KL-6 Krebs vonden Lungen-6, TGFa growth factor alpha, TNFa tumor necrosis factor-alpha
The continuous variables were presented as median (interquartile range). The significance of differences in demographic variables, clinical features, and serum biomarkers were determined by univariate analyses using Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables. IQR interquartile range
^*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 when the pSS moderate/advanced-ILD group (ILA score 2 + 3) was compared with the pSS no/indeterminate-ILD group (ILA score 0 + 1)
^1.The lower limit of detection for TGF-α was 1.07 pg/ml
Bold values represent the statistic significances p < 0.05

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