Table 1 Patient characteristics

Patient characteristics (N = 139)

 Age, mean ± SD [years]

64.03 ± 12.69

 Sex—Male no (% of total)

104 (74.8%)

 BMI mean ± SD [kg/m²]

28.6 ± 6.03

 Race (%Caucasian, %Black % Asian % Other)

83.5%, 6.5%, 3.6%, 6.5%

Anesthesia and surgery data

 Duration of anesthesia; mean ± SD [min]

393.81 ± 119.41

 Duration of surgery; mean ± SD [min]

277.96 ± 102.86

 Coronary artery bypass surgery^a; no

54

 Mitral valvuloplasty and replacement^a; no

16

 Aortic valvuloplasty and replacement^a; no

25

 Aortic aneurysm repair^a; no

5

 Others^a; no

0

Perioperative management

 Estimated blood loss [ml]

209.49 ± 286.92

 Total crystalloid during surgery [ml]

1263.01 ± 611.93

 Corticosteroid administration (% of all cases)

10.1%

 Ketorolac administration (% of all cases)

7.9%

 Acetaminophen administration (% of all cases)

73.4%

 ASA administration

66.9%

ICU stay

 APACHE score at 1 h, mean ± SD

16.86 ± 6.03

 APACHE score at 24 h, mean ± SD

9.73 ± 4.96

 APACHE score at 48 h, mean ± SD

9.25 ± 4.78

Comorbidities

 CCI median (95%CI)

4.04 ± 2.27

 Acute coronary syndrome

13.7%

 Congestive heart failure

21.6%

 Peripheral vascular disease

9.4%

 Cerebrovascular accident

10.1%

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

7.2%

 Connective tissue disease (non-active)

17.3%

 Peptic ulcer disease

7.2%

 Mild liver disease

5%

 Type 2 diabetes

29.5%

 Renal disease

29.5%

 Diabetes with organ damage

1.4%

 Tumor

8.6%

Outcomes

 Mortality

3.6% Dead

 CVA

4.3% Before surgery, 6.5% After Surgery, 2.9% Both

 PE

5% Before surgery

 DVT

5.8% Before surgery, 2.9% After