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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients categorized by liver injury

From: Prognostic potential of liver injury in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study

Characteristics

All patients (n = 523)

Non-liver injury (n = 431)

Liver injury (n = 92)

P value

Age (years)

55.0 (46.0–64.0)

56.0 (46.0–65.0)

51.0 (40.8–59.0)

< 0.001

Male sex, n (%)

402 (76.9)

324 (75.2)

78 (84.8)

0.047

Smokers, n (%)

235 (44.9)

186 (43.2)

49 (53.3)

0.077

Drinkers, n (%)

229 (43.8)

183 (42.5)

46 (50.0)

0.186

BMI (kg/m2)

23.1 (20.6–26.0)

23.3 (20.8–26.0)

22.7 (19.9–25.0)

0.111

Comorbidity, n (%)

 

 Acute heart failure

406 (77.6)

329 (76.3)

77 (83.7)

0.124

 Coronary artery disease

30 (5.7)

28 (6.5)

2 (2.2)

0.106

 Hypertension

80 (15.3)

71 (16.5)

9 (9.8)

0.106

 Diabetes mellitus

76 (14.5)

56 (13.0)

20 (21.7)

0.031

 Atrial fibrillation

97 (18.5)

77 (17.9)

20 (21.7)

0.386

NYHA class, n (%)

< 0.001

 II

125 (23.9)

118 (27.4)

7 (7.6)

 

 III

213 (40.7)

179 (41.5)

34 (37.0)

 

 IV

185 (35.4)

134 (31.1)

51 (55.4)

 

SBP (mmHg)

114.0 (102.0–126.0)

116.0 (103.0–128.0)

106.0 (97.0–117.0)

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

75.0 (68.0–86.0)

76.0 (66.0–86.0)

75.0 (69.0–84.0)

0.788

Laboratory data

 

 Red blood cell (× 1012/L)

4.73 (4.34–5.17)

4.73 (4.31–5.13)

4.91 (4.47–5.36)

0.083

 Hemoglobin (g/L)

136.8 (126.6–147.7)

136.6 (126.0–147.1)

138.1 (128.2–150.5)

0.232

 Albumin (g/L)

38.50 ± 4.62

38.71 ± 4.65

37.55 ± 4.33

0.029

 AST (U/L)

31.0 (23.0–43.0)

29.0 (23.0–39.0)

47.0 (31.3–137.5)

< 0.001

 ALT (U/L)

31.0 (19.0–51.0)

30.0 (18.0–45.0)

53.5 (29.3–180.0)

< 0.001

 Total bilirubin (μmol/L)

17.0 (11.0–28.1)

14.2 (9.9–21.6)

46.1 (33.5–56.4)

< 0.001

 BUN (mmol/L)

6.90 (5.42–8.77)

6.64 (5.35–8.52)

8.02 (5.83–11.14)

< 0.001

 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

91.6 (74.6–110.5)

91.4 (75.7–109.8)

92.3 (72.2–118.8)

0.705

 NT-proBNP (pg/Ml)

3723 (1766–7065)

3301 (1609–6481)

6481 (2689–12,152)

< 0.001

QRS duration (ms)

106.0 (98.0–122.0)

106.0 (96.0–122.0)

107.0 (98.5–118.0)

0.687

Cardiac ultrasound data

 

 LAD (mm)

46.0 (42.0–51.0)

46.0 (41.0–50.0)

49.5 (44.0–53.0)

< 0.001

 LVEDD (mm)

70.0 (64.0–76.0)

69.0 (64.0–76.0)

72.0 (65.0–78.0)

0.118

 LVEF (%)

33.0 (27.0–38.0)

33.0 (27.0–38.0)

31.0 (25.0–38.0)

0.281

Drug therapy, n (%)

 

 RAS inhibitor

460 (88.0)

389 (90.3)

71 (77.2)

< 0.001

  ACEI/ARB

408 (78.0)

343 (79.6)

65 (70.7)

0.060

  ARNI

52 (9.9)

46 (10.7)

6 (6.5)

0.227

 Beta-blocker

471 (90.1)

385 (89.3)

86 (93.5)

0.227

 Diuretic

520 (99.4)

428 (99.3)

92 (100.0)

1.000

  Spironolactone

501 (95.8)

416 (96.5)

85 (92.4)

0.086

 Digoxin

415 (79.3)

340 (78.9)

75 (81.5)

0.571

ICD/CRT, n (%)

23 (4.4)

19 (4.4)

4 (4.3)

1.000

  1. Data are displayed as the mean ± SD (standard deviation), or median (interquartile range), or number (percentage). BMI data were missing in 9 cases. Electrocardiogram were missing in 42 cases
  2. BMI: body mass index; NYHA: New York Heart Association; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; AST: aspartate transaminase; ALT: alanine transaminase; BUN: blood–urea–nitrogen; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; LAD: left atrium diameter; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; RAS: renin–angiotensin system; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI: angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; ICD: implantable cardioverter defibrillator; CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy