From: Prognostic potential of liver injury in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study
Characteristics | All patients (n = 523) | Non-liver injury (n = 431) | Liver injury (n = 92) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 55.0 (46.0–64.0) | 56.0 (46.0–65.0) | 51.0 (40.8–59.0) | < 0.001 |
Male sex, n (%) | 402 (76.9) | 324 (75.2) | 78 (84.8) | 0.047 |
Smokers, n (%) | 235 (44.9) | 186 (43.2) | 49 (53.3) | 0.077 |
Drinkers, n (%) | 229 (43.8) | 183 (42.5) | 46 (50.0) | 0.186 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.1 (20.6–26.0) | 23.3 (20.8–26.0) | 22.7 (19.9–25.0) | 0.111 |
Comorbidity, n (%) | Â | |||
 Acute heart failure | 406 (77.6) | 329 (76.3) | 77 (83.7) | 0.124 |
 Coronary artery disease | 30 (5.7) | 28 (6.5) | 2 (2.2) | 0.106 |
 Hypertension | 80 (15.3) | 71 (16.5) | 9 (9.8) | 0.106 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 76 (14.5) | 56 (13.0) | 20 (21.7) | 0.031 |
 Atrial fibrillation | 97 (18.5) | 77 (17.9) | 20 (21.7) | 0.386 |
NYHA class, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
 II | 125 (23.9) | 118 (27.4) | 7 (7.6) |  |
 III | 213 (40.7) | 179 (41.5) | 34 (37.0) |  |
 IV | 185 (35.4) | 134 (31.1) | 51 (55.4) |  |
SBP (mmHg) | 114.0 (102.0–126.0) | 116.0 (103.0–128.0) | 106.0 (97.0–117.0) | < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 75.0 (68.0–86.0) | 76.0 (66.0–86.0) | 75.0 (69.0–84.0) | 0.788 |
Laboratory data | Â | |||
 Red blood cell (× 1012/L) | 4.73 (4.34–5.17) | 4.73 (4.31–5.13) | 4.91 (4.47–5.36) | 0.083 |
 Hemoglobin (g/L) | 136.8 (126.6–147.7) | 136.6 (126.0–147.1) | 138.1 (128.2–150.5) | 0.232 |
 Albumin (g/L) | 38.50 ± 4.62 | 38.71 ± 4.65 | 37.55 ± 4.33 | 0.029 |
 AST (U/L) | 31.0 (23.0–43.0) | 29.0 (23.0–39.0) | 47.0 (31.3–137.5) | < 0.001 |
 ALT (U/L) | 31.0 (19.0–51.0) | 30.0 (18.0–45.0) | 53.5 (29.3–180.0) | < 0.001 |
 Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 17.0 (11.0–28.1) | 14.2 (9.9–21.6) | 46.1 (33.5–56.4) | < 0.001 |
 BUN (mmol/L) | 6.90 (5.42–8.77) | 6.64 (5.35–8.52) | 8.02 (5.83–11.14) | < 0.001 |
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 91.6 (74.6–110.5) | 91.4 (75.7–109.8) | 92.3 (72.2–118.8) | 0.705 |
 NT-proBNP (pg/Ml) | 3723 (1766–7065) | 3301 (1609–6481) | 6481 (2689–12,152) | < 0.001 |
QRS duration (ms) | 106.0 (98.0–122.0) | 106.0 (96.0–122.0) | 107.0 (98.5–118.0) | 0.687 |
Cardiac ultrasound data | Â | |||
 LAD (mm) | 46.0 (42.0–51.0) | 46.0 (41.0–50.0) | 49.5 (44.0–53.0) | < 0.001 |
 LVEDD (mm) | 70.0 (64.0–76.0) | 69.0 (64.0–76.0) | 72.0 (65.0–78.0) | 0.118 |
 LVEF (%) | 33.0 (27.0–38.0) | 33.0 (27.0–38.0) | 31.0 (25.0–38.0) | 0.281 |
Drug therapy, n (%) | Â | |||
 RAS inhibitor | 460 (88.0) | 389 (90.3) | 71 (77.2) | < 0.001 |
  ACEI/ARB | 408 (78.0) | 343 (79.6) | 65 (70.7) | 0.060 |
  ARNI | 52 (9.9) | 46 (10.7) | 6 (6.5) | 0.227 |
 Beta-blocker | 471 (90.1) | 385 (89.3) | 86 (93.5) | 0.227 |
 Diuretic | 520 (99.4) | 428 (99.3) | 92 (100.0) | 1.000 |
  Spironolactone | 501 (95.8) | 416 (96.5) | 85 (92.4) | 0.086 |
 Digoxin | 415 (79.3) | 340 (78.9) | 75 (81.5) | 0.571 |
ICD/CRT, n (%) | 23 (4.4) | 19 (4.4) | 4 (4.3) | 1.000 |