Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the overall population
From: The pattern of dyslipidemia among Somali type 2 diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study
Variable | All (N = 529) | Male (n = 177) | Female (n = 352) | p value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year), mean ± SD | 51.9 ± 12.2 | 52 ± 12.6 | 51 ± 12.1 | 0.685 |
Age category, n (%) | ||||
24–34 | 40 (7.6) | 14 (7.9) | 26 (7.4) | 0.442 |
35–44 | 96 (18.1) | 33 (18.6) | 63 (17.9) | |
45–54 | 176 (33.3) | 49 (27.7) | 127 (36.1) | |
55–64 | 130 (24.6) | 51 (28.8) | 79 (22.4) | |
65–74 | 61 (11.5) | 22 (12.4) | 39 (11.1) | |
≥ 75 | 26 (4.9) | 8 (4.5) | 18 (5.1) | |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 31.9 ± 2.8 | 33.1 ± 3.2 | 31.4 ± 2.3 | < 0.001 |
Categorical BMI, n (%) | ||||
Normal | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 0.576 |
Overweight | 55 (10.4) | 21 (11.9) | 34 (9.7) | |
Obese | 473 (89.4) | 156 (88.1) | 317 (90.1) | |
Waist circumference (cm), mean ± SD | 101.8 ± 7.3 | 102.6 ± 8.2 | 101.4 ± 6.9 | 0.111 |
Central obesity, n (%) | 492 (93.0) | 140 (79.1) | 352 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Smoking, n (%) | 14 (2.6) | 13 (7.3) | 1 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 258 (86.4) | 149 (84.2) | 309 (87.8) | 0.251 |
CKD n (%) | 60 (11.3) | 24 (13.6) | 36 (10.2) | 0.254 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL), mean ± SD | 13.78 ± 1.85 | 13.76 ± 1.81 | 13.79 ± 1.87 | 0.877 |
Ure (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 30 (19) | 30 (17) | 30 (15) | 0.029 |
Creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 0.9 (0.38) | 0.91 (0.30) | 0.90 (0.35) | 0.013 |
Na (meq/L), mean ± SD | 137.6 ± 4.2 | 137.7 ± 4.4 | 137.6 ± 4.0 | 0.779 |
K (meq/L), median (IQR) | 4 (0.7) | 3.9 (0.8) | 4 (0.7) | 0.319 |
HDL-C (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 45.3 ± 11.6 | 42.3 ± 11.3 | 46.9 ± 11.4 | < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 129.2 ± 36.9 | 128.9 ± 38.6 | 129.3 ± 36.1 | 0.897 |
TC (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 216.3 ± 49.5 | 213.2 ± 52.3 | 217.9 ± 48.0 | 0.311 |
TG (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 170.6 ± 96.4 | 169.7 ± 96.9 | 170.9 ± 96.3 | 0.882 |
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 170.9 ± 48.1 | 170.9 ± 49.9 | 171.0 ± 47.3 | 0.995 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 268 (168) | 271 (172) | 265 (164) | 0.951 |
hs-CRP (mg/L), median (IQR) | 14 (15) | 12 (15) | 15 (16) | 0.106 |
HbA1c (%), mean ± SD | 9.7 ± 2.2 | 9.8 ± 2.4 | 9.6 ± 2.1 | 0.277 |
Poor glycemic control, n (%) | 468 (88.5) | 158 (89.3) | 310 (88.1) | 0.684 |
Medical, n (%) | ||||
Insulin | 35 (6.6) | 16 (9) | 19 (5.4) | |
OAD | 340 (64.2) | 109 (61.6) | 231 (65.8) | 0.262 |
Both | 153 (28.9) | 52 (29.4) | 101 (28.8) | |