Table 1 Overview of the different experimental parameters used in the studies
Author (year) | Country | Charged particle | Accelerator facility or institution; location | Cell type | Cell origin | Initial energy | Average LET (keV/µm) | SOBP | Dose rate | Dose group | Combination therapy | Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wang 2019 | China | Carbon Ion | HIRFL; Lanzhou, China | LNCaP | Human | 80 ~ 100 MeV/u | NA | NA* | 1 Gy/min | 0.5, 4 Gy | NA | No IR |
Konings 2019 | Belgium | Carbon Ion And Proton | GANIL; Caen, France iThemba LABS; Cape Town, South Africa | PC-3 | Human | 95 MeV/u 200 MeV | 73 3.96 | NA†50 mm | NA | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 Gy 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4, 6 Gy | GANT61 | X ray |
Srivastava 2018 | India | Carbon Ion | IUAC; New Delhi, India | PC-3 | Human | 7.08Â MeV/u | NA | NA* | NA | 0, 2, 4Â Gy | PNKPi | No IR |
Butterworth 2012 | UK | Proton | MGH; Boston, USA | DU-145 | Human | 178Â MeV | NA | 45Â mm | NA | 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6Â Gy | NA | X ray |
Khachonkham 2020 | Austria | Proton | NA | DU-145 | Human | 127.2–180.1 MeV | 1.9, 2.5, 4.1 (within SOBP); 1.0, 1.2 (before peak) | NA* | NA | 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 Gy | NA | X ray |
Tinganelli 2013 | Germany | Carbon Ion | GSI; Darmstadt, Germany | RAT-1 | Rodent | NA | 100, 150 | 10Â mm | NA | NA | NA | X ray |
Suetens 2016 | Belgium | Carbon Ion | GANIL; Caen, France | PC-3 | Human | 75Â MeV/u | 33.7 | NA* | NA | 0, 0.5, 1, 2Â Gy | NA | X ray |
Polf 2011 | USA | Proton | NA | DU-145 | Human | 160Â MeV | NA | 100Â mm | NA | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6Â Gy | Gold nanoparticles | X ray |
Suetens 2015 | Belgium | Carbon Ion | GANIL; Caen, France | PC-3 | Human | 75Â MeV/u | 33.7 | NA* | NA | 0, 0.5, 2.0Â Gy | NA | X ray |
Chen 2020 | China | Proton (Microbeam) | NIRS; Chiba, Japan | PC-3 | Human | 3.4Â MeV | 11.7 | monoenergy | NA | 0, 100, 250, 500 protons | NA | No IR |
Wang 2020 | China | Carbon Ion | HIRFL; Lanzhou, China | PC-3 | Human | 81Â MeV/u | 32.54 | NA* | 2Â Gy/min | 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8Â Gy | NA | X ray |
Suetens 2014 | Belgium | Carbon Ion | GANIL; Caen, France | PC-3 | Human | 75Â MeV/u | 33.7 | NA* | NA | 0, 0.5, 2.0Â Gy | NA | X ray |