Included studies | Mean age/years | Sample size | Mean disease duration/year | Interventions | Duration/month | Outcome measures | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T | C | T | C | T | C | T | C | |||
Zhang et al. [23] | 21 ~ 52 | 20 ~ 46 | 80 | 80 | 1 ~ 4 | 1 ~ 3.5 | EA | CM | 3 months | ① |
Pan [24] | 32.24 ± 5.02 | 33.37 ± 4.29 | 31 | 30 | 3.16 ± 1.53 | 2.93 ± 1.46 | EA | CM | 3 months | ②④⑤ |
Wang et al. [25] | 26.3 ± 4.2 | 26.5 ± 3.9 | 71 | 82 | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.5 | EA | CM | 3 months | ①②③⑤ |
Zhou et al. [26] | 32.1 ± 5.8 | 33.9 ± 6.5 | 32 | 33 | 4.2 ± 2.1 | 3.8 ± 2.0 | EA | CM | 3 months | ①②④⑤ |
Cao et al. [27] | 32.40 ± 4.83 | 32.54 ± 4.16 | 30 | 30 | 3.54 ± 1.38 | 3.62 ± 1.26 | EA | CM | 2 months | ①②③ |
Li [28] | 33.23 ± 3.37 | 31.90 ± 2.58 | 48 | 47 | 21.87 ± 6.71 months | 18.10 ± 6.39mon | EA | MA | 3 months | ①②④⑤⑥⑦⑧ |
Li et al. [29] | 32.14 ± 3.37 | 29.95 ± 3.32 | 40 | 40 | 4.75 ± 2.35 | 5.05 ± 2.63 | 2 Hz TEAS | CM | 2 months | ①②④⑤⑥⑦⑧ |
Fang et al. [30] | 32 ± 3 | 32 ± 3 | 35 | 35 | 4.6 ± 1.8 | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 2 Hz TEAS | CM | 3 months | ①②③④⑤ |
Chi and Ge [31] | 31.21 ± 2.32 | 29.61 ± 2.09 | 31 | 30 | 2.33 ± 0.99 | 2.61 ± 1.52 | 2 Hz TEAS | MA | 3 months | ④⑥⑦⑧ |
33.03 ± 1.72 | 30 | 2.43 ± 1.24 | SI | |||||||
Jin et al. [32] | 32.68 ± 0.95 | 32.00 ± 1.10 | 25 | 16 | – | – | 2 Hz TEAS | 100 Hz TEAS | 2 months | ①②③④ |
30.33 ± 0.91 | 15 | – | NT | |||||||
Dong [33] | 30.75 ± 4.30 | 32.24 ± 3.56 | 20 | 20 | – | – | 2 Hz TEAS | 100 Hz TEAS | 1 month | ①③④⑤ |
28.64 ± 3.37 | 21 | – | SI | |||||||
30.50 ± 5.13 | 22 | – | NT | |||||||
Zhang et al. [34] | 23 ~ 40 | 23 ~ 40 | 20 | 20 | – | – | 2 Hz TEAS | 100 Hz TEAS | 1 month | ①③④ |
23 ~ 40 | 21 | – | SI | |||||||
23 ~ 40 | 22 | – | NT | |||||||
Sha [35] | 31.89 ± 3.32 | 32.24 ± 3.47 | 28 | 26 | 3.5 ± 1.5 | 4.5 ± 1.6 | 2 Hz TEAS | 100 Hz TEAS | 2 months | ①②④⑤⑥⑦⑧ |
31.43 ± 3.38 | 21 | 3.6 ± 1.4 | SI | |||||||
31.67 ± 5.06 | 30 | 4.5 ± 1.6 | NT | |||||||
Yu et al. [36] | 31.45 ± 0.84 | 30.94 ± 1.07 | 31 | 31 | 4.65 ± 0.26 | 4.85 ± 0.36 | 2 Hz TEAS | 100 Hz TEAS | 2 months | ②④ |
29.52 ± 0.81 | 29 | 5.02 ± 0.41 | SI | |||||||
31.70 ± 0.98 | 30 | 5.37 ± 0.32 | NT | |||||||
Liu et al. [37] | 25 ~ 35 | 25 ~ 35 | 40 | 40 | 1 ~ 6 | 1 ~ 6 | MB | CM | 3 months | ①②④ |
Han et al. [38] | 25 ~ 49 | 25 ~ 49 | 32 | 32 | – | – | MB | CM | 3 months | ① |
Yang and Qin [39] | 32.19 ± 5.82 | 31.58 ± 5.87 | 31 | 31 | – | – | MB | CM | 3 months | ① |
Jia et al. [40] | 44.35 ± 4.36 | 45.25 ± 3.45 | 20 | 20 | 22.65 ± 2.87 months | 23.00 ± 3.28 months | MB | CM | 3 months | ②⑤ |
Zhang [41] | 29 ± 4.6 | 30 ± 5.7 | 30 | 30 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | MA | NT | 3 months | ②③④⑥⑦⑧ |
Shi [42] | 26.3 ± 2.6 | 26.6 ± 2.8 | 31 | 33 | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 3.4 ± 0.6 | MA | CM | 6 months | ①②③⑤ |
Yang and Zhang [43] | 25 ~ 38 | 25 ~ 38 | 50 | 50 | 1 ~ 6 | 1 ~ 6 | MA | SI | 10 weeks | ①⑤ |
Jiang et al. [44] | 30.3 ± 5.6 | 29.4 ± 5.1 | 26 | 26 | 12.8 ± 4.4 months | 12.1 ± 4.7 | MA | CM | 2 months | ②④ |
Sun et al. [45] | 32 ± 3 | 31 ± 3 | 42 | 40 | 6.4 ± 0.5 | 6.3 ± 0.3 | MA | SI | 10 weeks | ①②④ |
Li [46] | 31.5 ± 3.3 | 30.5 ± 2.8 | 42 | 40 | 6.4 ± 0.5 | 6.3 ± 0.3 | MA | SI | 10 weeks | ①②④⑥⑦⑧ |
Ding et al. [47] | 28.6 ± 6.9 | 25.5 ± 8.1 | 25 | 26 | 20.6 ± 13.2 months | 17.6 ± 12.7 months | MA | CM | 1 month | ③④⑤ |
Siterman et al. [48] | 39 ± 7 | 39 ± 7 | 20 | 20 | 9 ± 4 | 9 ± 4 | MA | NT | 5 weeks | ② |
Dieterle et al. [49] | – | – | 24 | 28 | – | – | MA | SI | 6 weeks | ②③ |
Su [50] | 34.9 ± 0.58 | 35.0 ± 0.61 | 30 | 30 | – | – | MA | CM | 3 months | ①②④⑥⑦⑧ |
Wang et al. [51] | 26.38 ± 3.54 | 26.16 ± 3.16 | 37 | 38 | 35.62 ± 5.61 months | 34.84 ± 4.65 months | MA | CM | 3 months | ①②③④⑤ |
Sun et al. [52] | 28.25 ± 2.28 | 27.97 ± 2.30 | 33 | 34 | 2.45 ± 0.39 | 2.41 ± 0.38 | WA | MA | 2 months | ①②③④⑥⑦⑧ |
28.15 ± 2.53 | 33 | 2.52 ± 0.33 | CM | |||||||
Jia et al. [53] | 17 ~ 35 | 17 ~ 35 | 20 | 10 | 3 months ~ 4 years | 3 months ~ 4 years | VCL | NT | 4 months | ②④⑤⑥⑦⑧ |
Gu et al. [54] | 28 ~ 45 | 28 ~ 45 | 33 | 33 | 1 ~ 5 | 1 ~ 5 | VCL | CM | 3 months | ①②④⑤ |
Li et al. [55] | 17 ~ 35 | 17 ~ 35 | 19 | 16 | – | – | VCL | NT | 3 months | ②④⑥⑦⑧ |
Baazeem et al. [56] | 34.9 ± 5.5 | 36.2 ± 5.5 | 233 | 127 | 2.85 ± 2.42 | 3.05 ± 2.14 | VCL | NT | 3 months | ②④ |
Chen and Zheng [57] | 34.46 ± 3.02 | 34.55 ± 2.98 | 40 | 40 | 2.65 ± 1.07 | 2.70 ± 0.95 | HBO | CM | 1 month | ①②④⑤ |
Chen et al. [58] | 33.26 ± 5.59 | 33.08 ± 5.41 | 30 | 30 | 3.13 ± 0.62 | 3.08 ± 0.57 | HBO | CM | 1 month | ②③④⑥⑦⑧ |
Zhao et al. [59] | 27.2 ± 5.0 | 26.9 ± 3.6 | 28 | 24 | – | – | HBO | CM | 3 months | ① |
Zhang et al. [60] | 23 ~ 38 | 24 ~ 37 | 24 | 26 | – | – | HBO | CM | 3 months | ① |