Table 1 Pharmacological effects of Chinese herbal decoction and ingredients against COVID-19

Cold‒damp constraint

Jing Fang Bai Du San

Acacetin, glypallichalcone, wogonin, gancaonin A, isorhamnetin, etc

Inhibits the virus' entry into host cells and its replication

Damp‒heat accumulation in the lung

Yinqiao powder

Hesperetin, Eriodictyol, Luteolin, Quercetin, Naringenin, etc

Inhibit inflammatory responses by suppressing IL-6, CXCL2, TNFα, NF-κB, etc

Sangbaipi

Gardenoside, rutin, berberine, palmatine, baicalein, wogonin, etc

Exert anti-inflammatory effect

Damp‒toxin constraint in the lung and cold‒damp obstructing the lung

Huopo xialing

Baicalein, beta-sitosterol, irisolidone, quercetin, etc

Intervening inflammatory response, immune regulation and apoptosis

Ganluxiaodu Dan

Quercetin, beta-sitosterol, wogonin, irisolidone, kaempferol, etc

Regulate interfere with SARS-CoV-2 infection through antivirus, inhibition of inflammatory factors and regulation of immunity

Huashi baidu granule

Quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, wogonin, 7-o-methylisomucronulatol, naringenin, baicalein, beta-sitosterol, etc

Antivirus, anti-inflammation

Dampness obstructing the lung and stomach

Huoxiang zhengqi

Quercetin, isorhamnetin, irisolidone, kaempferol, wogonin, baicalein, etc

Antivirus, anti-inflammation and relieving symptoms

Deficiency of Qi and Yin

Shasen Maidong

Quercetin, Beta-carotene, Stigmasterol, Kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, Naringenin

Anti-inflammatory, improving immunity

Qi-deficiency of lung and spleen

Si/Liu junzi

Mairin, naringenin, euchrenone, glepidotinA, sigmoidin-B, icos-5-enoic acid, gadelaidic acid, xambioona, trametenolic acid, 3pachymic acid, poricoic acid C, hederagenin, dehydroeburicoic acid, chondrillasterol, spinasterol, stigmast-7-enol , etc

Regulate immunity, reduce lung injury, promote cell growth and differentiation and pulmonary angiogenesis,