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Table 1 The baseline characteristics of the patients by levels of EV-GDF15

From: Significant increase of serum extracellular vesicle-packaged growth differentiation factor 15 in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

 

Total (n = 116)

 < 6.01(pg/mL) (n = 40)

 < 17.25 (pg/mL) (n = 38)

 ≥ 17.25 (pg/mL) (n = 38)

P-value

Age (years)

61.0 (56.0–67.8)

61.0 (53.0–67.0)

64.5 (59.0–68.5)

59.0 (52.0–68.0)

0.010*

Male (n, %)

77 (66.4%)

27 (67.5%)

25 (65.8%)

25 (65.8%)

0.245

BMI (kg/m2)

26.35 (23.62–30.07)

27.00 (24.36–30.36)

25.63 (22.69–27.79)

27.54 (25.52–30.24)

0.146

FPG (mmol/L)

6.07 (5.42–8.95)

5.52 (5.19–5.92)

6.20 (5.29–7.76)

9.66 (6.67–12.96)

 < 0.001**

HbA1c (%)

6.80 (5.80–7.90)

5.80 (5.40–6.50)

6.90 (6.25–7.85)

8.30 (6.78–10.28)

 < 0.001**

SBP (mmHg)

130.0 (124.0–141.5)

130.0 (121.3–140.0)

130.0 (121.5–136.3)

138.0 (126.6–148.0)

0.113

DBP (mmHg)

77.0 (69.0–86.8)

77.0 (70.0–80.8)

74.0 (65.8–88.0)

80.0 (68.8–90.0)

0.612

Smoker (n, %)

50 (43.1%)

18 (45.0%)

16 (42.1%)

16 (42.1%)

0.148

Drinker (n, %)

32 (27.6%)

11 (28.9%)

10 (26.3%)

11 (28.9%)

0.819

TG (mmol/L)

1.42 (1.03–1.84)

1.52 (1.29–1.85)

1.38 (0.99–1.76)

1.31 (1.00–1.81)

0.789

TC (mmol/L)

3.73 (3.14–4.57)

4.16 (3.33–4.83)

3.71 (3.26–4.59)

3.39 (3.09–3.98)

 < 0.001**

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.30 ± 0.90

2.44 ± 0.90

2.34 ± 0.91

2.11 ± 0.88

0.001*

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.07 ± 0.34

1.13 ± 0.39

1.07 ± 0.28

1.00 ± 0.32

0.052

Hcy (μmol/L)

11.80 (10.33–14.45)

11.45 (10.07–13.03)

11.90 (10.28–14.60)

12.85 (10.58–15.35)

0.069

hs-CRP (mg/L)

1.34 (0.58–4.98)

1.34 (0.56–3.17)

0.76 (0.46–2.31)

3.00 (0.80–7.08)

0.693

EV-GDF15 (pg/mL)

10.48 (4.82–20.86)

3.55 (2.75–5.11)

10.77 (8.39–13.82)

28.18 (20.86–52.66)

 < 0.001**

Serum GDF15 (pg/mL)

878.50 (614.98–1375.07)

646.98 (449.12–988.67)

878.50 (657.40–1310.82)

1161.18 (742.12–1919.63)

 < 0.001**

  1. Results are expressed as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or n (%). Differences between groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test, χ2 text, or Kruskal–Wallis test
  2. T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, TG triglycerides, TC total cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Hcy homocysteine, hs-CRP high-sensitive C-reactive protein, EV extracellular vesicle, GDF15 Growth differentiation factor-15
  3. *P < 0.05
  4. **P < 0.001
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European Journal of Medical Research

ISSN: 2047-783X

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