Significant increase of serum extracellular vesicle-packaged growth differentiation factor 15 in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Table 3 Association between EV-GDF15 levels and T2DM

EV-GDF15	< 6.01(pg/mL) (n = 40)	< 17.25 (pg/mL) (n = 38)		≥ 17.25 (pg/mL) (n = 38)
	ORs (95% CI)	ORs (95% CI)	P	ORs (95% CI)	P
Unadjusted	1.00 (Reference)	3.56 (1.35–9.41)	0.010*	4.15 (1.53–11.23)	0.005*
Model 1	1.00 (Reference)	2.93 (1.06–8.14)	0.039*	4.52 (1.58–12.92)	0.005*
Model 2	1.00 (Reference)	3.06 (1.02–9.19)	0.047*	3.75 (1.14–12.26)	0.029*

Model 1: adjusted for age, gender, and BMI
Model 2: adjusted for Model 1 + smoke, drink, DBP, HDL-c, LDL-c, TG, Hcy, hs-CRP
T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, BMI body mass index, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglyceride, Hcy homocysteine, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, EV extracellular vesicle, GDF15 growth differentiation factor 15

ISSN: 2047-783X