Table 2 Characteristics of included studies
From: Effects of low-level laser therapy on orthodontic miniscrew stability: a systematic review
Author and year | Age (years) | Sample size(M/F) | Design | Miniscrew dimension (diameter/length in mm) | Implanted sites | Evaluation method | Evaluation interval | Statistical analysis | Study conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abdullah Ekizer et al. (2016) | 16.77 ± 1.4 (19–13.1) | 20 (7/13) | Split-mouth RCT | 1.6/8 | Buccal region between the roots of maxillary second premolar and first molar | Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) Osstell ISQ device (Osstell, Gothenburg, Sweden) | Miniscrew placement (baseline), 1, 2 and 3 months | Paired samples t-test were used at P < 0.05 level | Photobiomodulation therapy had positive effect on stability of miniscrews during canine distalization |
Osman A et al. (2017) | 18 (14–32) | 12 (6/6) | Split-mouth RCT | 1.5/8 | Buccal region between the roots of maxillary second premolar and first molar | Damping capacity assessment (DCA) Periotest device (Siemens AG, Bensheim, Germany) | Before and after loading 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 days | Paired samples t-test were used at P < 0.05 level | LLLT can be suggested as a clinical adjuvant for improving clinical success with miniscrew treatment. However, more long-term studies incorporating more study subjects is deemed necessary to further validate the study results |
AhmedMohamed Abohabib et al. (2018) | 20.9 ± 3.4 (16–25) | 14 | Split-mouth RCT | 1.5/8 | Buccal region between the roots of maxillary second premolar and first molar | Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) Osstell device (Osstell, Gothenburg, Sweden) | 0,1,2,3,4,6,8,10 weeks after mini-implant placement | Paired samples t-test was used at P < 0.05 level to compare two groups, Tukey’s post hoc test was used to study the changes of time in each group | Despite evidence of some significant differences in resonance frequency between mini-implants exposed to low-intensity laser light over a 10-week period there were no differences in mini-implant stability. LLLT cannot be recommended as a clinically useful adjunct to promoting mini-implant stability during canine retraction |