Association of metformin exposure with low risks of frailty and adverse outcomes in patients with diabetes

Table 8 Cox regression models of metformin on the primary outcomes

Variable	OR	95% CI	P value
Frailty	2.009	1.408–2.865	< 0.001
CAD	1.699	1.226–2.356	0.001
Metformin	0.695	0.501–0.964	0.029

Adjusted for age, sex, frailty, duration, FPG, HbA1c, PVD, DR, DPN, hypertension, CAD, COPD, CKD, stroke, osteoarthritis, cancer, and polypharmacy. Age, sex, duration, FPG, HbA1c, PVD, DR, DPN, hypertension, COPD, CKD, stroke, osteoarthritis, cancer, and polypharmacy were not included in the equation
FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; DR, diabetic retinopathy; DPN, diabetic peripheral neuropathy; CAD, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease

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