Table 2 Pregnant outcomes between the LDA and the control groups

Primary outcome

 Preeclampsia

12 (10.43%)

34 (22.52%)

0.40 (0.20–0.82)

 Time of onset

37 (34.5–38)

35 (34–38)

–

   Early-onset (< 34 gestational weeks)

2 (1.73%)

5 (3.31%)

0.52 (0.10–2.71)

   Late-onset (≥ 34 gestational weeks)

10 (8.70%)

29 (19.21%)

0.38 (0.18–0.82)

Secondary outcomes

 Gestation hypertension

19 (16.52%)

19 (12.58%)

1.38 (0.69–2.74)

 Gestational diabetes

36 (31.30%)

40 (26.49%)

1.27 (0.74–2.16)

 Cesarean section

87 (75.65%)

102 (67.55%)

1.49 (0.87–2.58)

 Postpartum hemorrhage

5 (4.35%)

4 (2.65%)

1.67 (0.44–6.37)

 Preterm delivery

25 (21.74%)

38 (25.17%)

0.83 (0.46–1.47)

 NICU admission

43 (37.39%)

56 (37.09%)

1.01 (0.61–1.67)

 Fetal intrauterine growth restriction

7 (6.09%)

14 (9.27%)

0.63 (0.25–1.63)

 Fetal distress

4 (3.48%)

6 (3.97%)

0.87 (0.24–3.16)

 1-min Apgar score

9.85 (0.48)

9.76 (0.81)

–

 5-min Apgar score

9.93 (0.41)

9.87 (0.68)

–